Hawkweed encompassing the stem

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Hawkweed encompassing the stem
Stem-embracing hawkweed (Hieracium amplexicaule)

Stem-embracing hawkweed ( Hieracium amplexicaule )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Hawkweed ( Hieracium )
Type : Hawkweed encompassing the stem
Scientific name
Hieracium amplexicaule
L.

The Henbit hawkweed ( Hieracium amplexicaule ) is a plant from the genus of hawkweed ( Hieracium ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It is widespread in Central, Southeast and Southwest Europe and North Africa.

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 13.
Habit, leaves and entire inflorescence.
Flower heads with the five-lobed ray-flowers in detail.

Appearance and leaf

The hawkweed, which encompasses the stem, grows as a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 50 centimeters. The stem is dense, long, sticky-glandular hairy in the lower area and therefore also fragrant, on the top slightly hairy to bald with glandular and star hairs.

The leaves stand together in a basal rosette and are arranged alternately on the stem. The spatulate to lanceolate basal leaves have serrated to roughly indented, serrated leaf margin. The upper side of the leaf and the leaf edge can be hairy or bald. Of the mostly three to six, rarely up to ten stem leaves, the lower ones are spatulate like the basal leaves or broadly lanceolate, ovate to obovate with broad and pointed teeth and narrowed into a stalk, the upper ones are often short and ovate, all with an eyelet or heart-shaped, wide spreading base encompassing the stem and mostly getting smaller towards the top.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from June to August. The high forked to loosely paniculate total inflorescence usually has two to four (one to six) branches and it rarely contains only 2, mostly 5 to 25 cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The mostly bald bracts are 10 to 16 millimeters long and abundantly hairy with glands. The flower heads contain only ray florets. The light to deep yellow ray florets have strongly ciliated crown teeth.

The black achenes are about 4 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 27 or 36.

ecology

The hawkweed that surrounds the stem is a hemicryptophyte .

Occurrence

The stem-embracing hawkweed has a central and south-western European distribution.

There are natural occurrences in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Monaco, the Netherlands, Hungary (uncertain), France (including Corsica and Channel Islands), Portugal, Andorra, Gibraltar, Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Italy (including Sardinia unsafe), San Marino, Vatican State, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Algeria and Morocco.

The hawkweed, which encompasses the stalk, needs slightly moist, lime and fine earth or very low lime, but only slightly acidic substrates .

It colonizes crevices in the rock and wall, calm debris heaps and stony- gappy alpine races mostly at altitudes between 800 and 1800 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises from 800 meters above sea level above Tiefenbacher Straße near Jauchen near Oberstdorf to 1928 m above sea level at the summit of Seeköpfel near Oberstdorf . In Central Europe it is a species of the Asplenietea trichomanis class.

In the southern Black Forest it occurs only sporadically, in the Swiss Jura and in the Alps it is found scattered. Outside the mountains, where it was planted on some castle walls, it has grown wild and has remained constant.

Systematics

The first publication of Hieracium amplexicaule was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Volume 2, p 803 Synonyms for Hieracium amplexicaule L. are: Hieracium balsameum Asso , Hieracium tappeineri (Murr & Dental) Prain , Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. tappeineri (Murr & Zahn) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. , Hieracium amplexicaule var. Tappeineri Murr & Zahn . The specific epithet amplexicaule means encompassing the stem.

There are many subspecies of the species Hieracium amplexicaule :

  • Hieracium amplexicaule L. subsp. amplexicaule
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. atlanticum (Fr.) Zahn : It occurs in Algeria and Morocco.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. attracticaule (Arv.-Touv.) Greuter : It occurs in Spain.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. balleyanum tooth : It occurs in France.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. belveriense (Arv.-Touv. & Gaut.) Zahn : It occurs in Spain.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. Berardianoid tooth : it occurs in France and Italy.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. berardianum (Arv.-Touv.) Zahn : It occurs in Morocco, Spain, Andorra, France, Corsica, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania and Montenegro.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. Cadinense (Evers) Zahn : It occurs in France, Italy, Austria and Slovenia.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. chenevardianum tooth : It occurs in Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Switzerland and Austria.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. euplecum (Sudre) Zahn : It occurs in France.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. fouresii (Sudre) Zahn : It occurs in France.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. neopetraeum tooth : It occurs in Italy.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. olivicolor Jahand. & Zahn : It occurs in Morocco.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. peyerimhoffii (Maire) Zahn : It occurs in Algeria.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. pseudocerinthoides (Arv.-Touv.) Zahn : It occurs in Morocco, Corsica and France.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. pseudoligusticum (Gremli) tooth : It occurs in France, Corsica, Italy and Switzerland.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. pulmonarioides (Vill.) Zahn : Originally found in Spain, France, Corsica, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy and was introduced to Great Britain and Sweden.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. segranum (Arv.-Touv.) Zahn : It occurs in Spain.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. shuttleworthianum (Rouy) tooth : It occurs in France.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. sonchophyllum (Arv.-Touv. & Cadevall) tooth : It occurs in Spain and France.
  • Hieracium amplexicaule subsp. spelaeum (Arv.-Touv.) Zahn : It occurs in Portugal, France, Corsica, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria and Italy and is a neophyte in Great Britain, Germany and the Netherlands.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Hermann Wagner: Illustrierte Deutsche Flora, A description of the flowering plants and vascular cryptogams indigenous to Germany and Switzerland. 2nd Edition. Edited and enlarged by Dr. August Garcke, Julius Hoffmann (K. Thienemann's Verlag), Stuttgart 1882.

Web links

Commons : hawkweed ( Hieracium amplexicaule )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b data sheet at the Cichorieae portal . Retrieved December 1, 2013
  2. ↑ a b c d Hawkweed encompassing the stem. In: FloraWeb.de. Retrieved December 1, 2013
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Hieracium amplexicaule L. In: Info Flora - The national data and information center for the Swiss flora . Retrieved December 1, 2013
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  1011 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore). Hieracium amplexicaule . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin from 2006. Accessed December 1, 2013
  6. ↑ a b c data sheet at Global Compositae Checklist . Retrieved December 1, 2013
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 703.
  8. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  9. ↑ Hieracium amplexicaule at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 1, 2013.
  10. ↑ Hieracium amplexicaule L. - Data sheet with many detailed pictures from Schede di botanica . Retrieved December 1, 2013