St. Castor (cards)
St. Castor is a Romanesque former collegiate church in Karden on the Moselle. The Roman Catholic parish church is also known as the " Moselle Cathedral" and is the most important church on the Moselle between Trier and Koblenz . A museum in the canons' building on the former cloister recalls the past of the place as well as the Celtic and late antique structures on the Martberg .
history
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Already in Roman times there was a small settlement of potters as well as other craftsmen and traders in Karden ( Vicus Cardena ). The place, which is documented as "Cardena" by the geographer of Ravenna as early as the 5th century, was conveniently located on two important traffic routes: the Moselle as a regionally important waterway and a north-south road from the area around Kastellaun in the Mayener area, which crossed the Moselle at this point. Above Karden were the former Celtic oppidum and the Roman temple district Martberg , in which the god Mars Lenus was most likely worshiped and to whose visitors and pilgrims the craftsmen in Cardena owed their economic existence.
Castor von Karden († around 400), a student of the Trier bishop Maximin , who probably came from Aquitaine , worked here in the fourth century with some companions in an early Christian community as a priest. After his death Castor was buried in what is now the abbey district; his crypt, originally laid out under a wooden memorial building, was discovered during excavations in the northern Kreuzhof in front of the canons' building. An early college of priests probably developed here as early as the Merovingian period, from which the college, which existed until 1802, emerged in the High Middle Ages . On November 11, 836, part of the remains of St. Castor von Karden came to the Kastor church in Koblenz , the other part was transferred to the church next to the memorial building in Karden. In the late and medieval period, a small part of the relics of Castor von Karden was kept in the so-called Castor shrine. This 15th century wooden shrine is located in the collegiate church. At the beginning of the 19th century, some relic particles from St. Kastor in Koblenz returned to Karden and were again deposited in the historic Castor shrine.
Karden was the center of an archdeaconate in the Middle Ages . The provost of the monastery, who resided in the Korbisch house , was one of the original four, later five archdeacons of the Archdiocese of Trier and supported the Archbishop of Trier in the administration of the secular territory of the archbishopric. After the French Revolution, the collegiate monastery was abolished in 1802 and its real estate and most of the extensive possessions were auctioned.
Building history
In the place of the later St. Castor's Church there were already some - albeit profane - buildings that were apparently built and used between the 1st and 4th centuries AD. In the Merovingian / Franconian times, an extensive cemetery was laid out at this point, of which around 200 burials, mostly without additions, were uncovered during excavations between 1965 and 1970 at Lindenplatz, in Kreuzhof and in St. Castor. The oldest of these graves can be dated to the early 6th century: a found early Christian tombstone fragment of a girl "Imina" dates from the 7th or early 8th century.
At the latest in Carolingian times, the first church documented at this point was built: a three-aisled basilica with a semicircular, stilted apse over 25 meters long and almost 15 meters wide. The construction of the Romanesque choir with apse, flank towers and transept of today's church began in 1186 over its foundations . The nave, which was built a little later, however, already shows characteristics of the early Gothic . The first five storeys of the west tower were probably built earlier around 1120. The sixth storey with the bell storey set off by a cornice was built in 1699 and finished with a French dome .
High altar
The reredos of the high altar from around 1425-1430 with a depiction of the Adoration of the Magi is a clay- molded and burned shrine, closed at the top by a six-part tracery and divided into three fields by two narrow columns. The fields contain six free-standing figures, also made of clay; in the middle the Mother of God Mary with the baby Jesus, who turns to the kneeling King Balthasar and his gift, on the left King Melchior and the apostle Peter and on the right King Caspar and the apostle Paulus . In earlier times the group also contained a statue of Saint Castor. The two standing kings are about 70 centimeters high, Mary and the figures of the apostles about 65 centimeters. The six-part tracery is limited or interrupted by four small canopies . Under the canopies, four approximately 20 centimeters high prophet figures with banners stand on consoles .
St. John's Altar
Altarpiece of the high altar
Stephanus altar
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The altar table from the early 14th century, on which the reredos originally stood, was rediscovered in 1965, restored and moved to the crossing . It has probably been clad in wood since the 19th century. According to a document that was found in the sepulcrum , the reliquary, it was consecrated on the third Sunday after Easter in 1321.
Side altars
At the passages to the transept are left and right or north and south two similar side altars made of limestone , which were donated in 1628 and 1629. Both altars were painted with gray oil paint for a long time, until they were uncovered in 1956 and repainted after remnants of the old paint.
Stephanus altar
The right side altar shows the stoning of Saint Stephen as a central image in a relief rich in figures and next to it in shell niches on the left Saint James the Elder and John the Baptist . The predella shows a vivid depiction of the Adoration of the Shepherds , while the relief in the upper part of the altar structure contains the Adoration of the Magi, flanked by John the Evangelist and Saint Castor with a model of the Karden Castor Church dedicated to him. The altar is crowned by a group of St. Anne herself .
St. John's Altar
The central image of the Johannes altar on the left or north side is a relief of the resurrection of Jesus Christ with the tomb guards usual for the scene and also a kneeling dean who looks up to the risen Lord and worships him. To the left of the relief stands John the Evangelist with a cup from which he was supposed to drink poison, but which became ineffective when he made the sign of the cross over it. On the right is John the Baptist. The upper relief shows the evangelist with his symbol, the eagle, next to it figures of angels holding the column to which Jesus was chained for the flagellation, and the cross. An angel in the crown of the altar holds the handkerchief of Veronica with the image of Jesus' face.
organ
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There was an organ in St. Castor as early as the 14th century . Today's baroque organ was created in 1728 by the organ builder Johann Michael Stumm . Before the Second World War, the rebuilding of the organ began, but it was never finished. After the war, the organ was rebuilt by the Klais organ builder and renovated from 2009 to 2010 by the organ builder Krawinkel (Trendelburg / Deisel). The organ has 33 registers on three manuals and a pedal .
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literature
- Small guide through the collegiate church of St. Castor , 13th edition 2010.
- Ferdinand Pauly : The St. Kastor Abbey in Karden on the Moselle , Germania Sacra, New Series Volume 19, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1986.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments - Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-422-00382-7 , pp. 424-426.
- Hans Eiden, excavations on the historical topography of Cardena (Karden) 1965-1970 . In: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum zu Mainz, excavations in Germany - Funded by the German Research Foundation 1950 - 1975. Part 2, Roman Empire in Free Germania - Early Middle Ages I , Mainz 1975, pp. 64–79.
- Klaus Freckmann: The former St. Castor monastery in Karden ad Mosel (Rheinische Kunststätten Heft 543) . Holzer Druck und Medien, Weiler im Allgäu 2013, ISBN 978-3-86526-088-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Eiden 1975, pp. 74-76.
- ^ To the collegiate church of St. Castor in Treis-Karden .
- ↑ To the reliquary of St. Castor in Karden .
- ↑ Hubert Bastgen: The history of the origins of the Trier Archdiakonate , in: Trierisches Archiv , Issue 10, 1907, pp. 1-56.
- ↑ The art monuments of the district of Cochem . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1959, reprint 1984, ISBN 3-422-00561-7 .
- ↑ a b c d Ernst Wackenroder: The art monuments of the district of Cochem . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-422-00561-7 .
- ↑ Paul Boos field: The Collegiate Church of St. Castor carding - The high altar . Ed. Parish of St. Castor, Treis-Karden 2018.
- ↑ Information on the silent organ
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 11 ′ 1.3 ″ N , 7 ° 18 ′ 4.3 ″ E