St. Johannes (Hilpoltstein)

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Church of St. John

St. Johannes Baptist was a pre-Reformation noble collegiate monastery in Hilpoltstein in Bavaria in the diocese of Eichstätt .

history

Religious buildings in the area of ​​local development

The canon monastery for clerical aristocratic sons was founded in 1372 by the imperial ministerial Hilpolt III. von Stein (* around 1300; † between 1376 and 1380), governor of Upper Bavaria since 1353 , and his only son Hilpolt the Younger (= Hilpolt IV.) (* around 1330), ducal Bavarian chamberlain, at the church of St. Johannes the Baptist in "opidum de Lapide", the city of stone (first called "Hilpoltstein" in 1392), donated. The foundation was intended for five canons (priests) who had certain liturgical obligations. Among other things, they had to read a Holy Mass for the donors every Monday . In 1379 the founders established a sixth canon position. In 1385, the heirs of the founders, Swiger von Gundelfingen and Hilpolt von Hohenfels , with a farm in Forchheim, brought another endowment to the monastery . The Bavarian dukes (and brothers) Stephan , Friedrich and Johann confirmed this foundation in 1387.

Each canon lived in their own monastery house. Gilten of grain (grain, Haber, barley, spelled), pale, oil, cheese, Christmas awakenings, autumn chickens and carnival chickens was received by the Canon from a total of 28 farms in Meckenhausen , Solar , Thundorf , Lampersdorf , Heuberg , Schönbrunn and Wagnersmühl .

After the death of Hilpolt IV, the last of the von Stein dynasty († July 20, 1385), the town and castle vom Stein came through the second wife Berta von Hilpolt III. († 1398) and finally Schweiger von Gundelfingen in 1386 to the Dukes Stephan, Friedrich and Johann, in the division from 1392 to Duke Stephan zu Ingolstadt , called the Kneißl. Temporarily possessed by the Palatine and Margraves, in 1429 the Duchy of Bavaria regained control of Hilpoltstein with Ludwig the Bearded . In 1449 Hilpoltstein passed to Heinrich von Landshut . After the Landshut War of Succession , Hilpoltstein was added to the newly founded Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg in 1505, which established its own office in Hilpoltstein. This was pledged to the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg by the heavily indebted Count Palatine Ottheinrich in 1542, together with the Palatinate-Neuburg authorities Heideck and Allersberg . With the consent of the Count Palatinate, the Reformation was immediately introduced from Nuremberg . The imperial city sent a Protestant pastor to Hilpoltstein and, among other things, filled the six canons. The last six canons married: 1543 the canons Joh. Wireter, Joh. Albrecht, Joh. Streng and Jog. Laux; In 1549 a daughter of Canon Oeffelein is known; In 1567 the canon Johann Weber married.

In 1578 the Count Palatinate redeemed its three offices pledged to Nuremberg. After the return of Neuburg Count Palatine Wolfgang Wilhelm to the old faith and the re-Catholicization of the Upper Palatinate by Duke Maximilian of Bavaria (1624), the Jesuits from Eichstätt reintroduced the Catholic religion in Hilpoltstein in 1627 . The Canons' Monastery was not revived; three choir houses were demolished in 1620 in order to build a new residence. Another house, No. 55, was given to the pastor to live in; it remained the rectory until 1665. The fifth choir house (house no. 193) became the preacher's house, the sixth (house no. 194) the organist house. A seventh choir house (house no. 172) was from 1682 the chaplain house for the cooperators who previously lived in the rectory. The income of the former monastery (with house number 179 the monastery had its own box house) went to the monastery. St. Peter in Neuburg an der Donau and passed to the Bavarian state property in 1811. Until 1793, an anniversary funded by this income was held on Monday after St. Willibald in accordance with a penal letter. In 1926, the Hilpoltstein church administration took over the choir monastery and preacher's house No. 194 from the state, "with building load free of charge", in order to rent it out to the choir rulers and organists.

The house of God

The Hilpoltstein parish church of St. Johann Baptist is essentially late Gothic ; The choir and tower substructure date from 1473. It was redesigned in the Baroque era and re-consecrated in 1735 by the Eichstätt Prince-Bishop Franz Ludwig Freiherr Schenk von Castell . The ceiling frescoes show scenes from the life of John the Baptist and were designed by Melchior Puchner. The stucco work in the nave was made by Jeronimo Andrioli.

→ See also the list of architectural monuments in Hilpoltstein

literature

  • Carl Siegert: History of the rule, castle and town Hilpoltstein, their rulers and residents ... In: Negotiations of the historical association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg 20 (1861).
  • Franz Sales Romstöck: The monasteries and monasteries of the Diocese of Eichstätt until 1806 . In: Collection sheet of the Historical Association Eichstätt 30 (1915), Eichstätt 1916, p. 54.
  • Wolfgang Wiessner: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part Franconia, series I, issue 24: Hilpoltstein. Munich 1978.
  • Franz Xaver Buchner: The Diocese of Eichstätt , Volume I: Eichstätt 1937.
  • Johann Baptist Götz: The parish book of Stephan May in Hilpoltstein from the year 1511. A contribution to the understanding of the church conditions in Germany on the eve of the Reformation , Münster 1926.

Web links

Commons : St. John the Baptist (Hilpoltstein)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Buchner, Eichstätt, Vol. I, p. 501.
  2. ↑ Wiessner, p. 71 f .; Romstock, p. 54.
  3. ^ Siegert, p. 152
  4. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The pre-Reformation benefit of the diocese of Eichstätt . In: Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 24 (1909), pp. 21–43, especially p. 42.
  5. ↑ Wiessner, p. 78.
  6. ^ Siegert, p. 162.
  7. ^ Siegert, p. 166 f.
  8. ↑ Wiessner, p. 73 f .; Siegert, p. 181
  9. ^ Siegert, p. 201
  10. ↑ a b c Buchner, Eichstätt, Vol. I, p. 503.
  11. ^ Siegert, p. 202 f.
  12. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The pre-Reformation benefit of the diocese of Eichstätt . In: Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 23 (1908), pp. 39–60, especially p. 60.
  13. ^ Siegert, p. 289.
  14. ^ Siegert, pp. 205, 235.
  15. ↑ Victory. P. 239.
  16. ^ Siegert, p. 152.
  17. ↑ Buchner, Eichstätt, Vol. I, p. 506.

Coordinates: 49 ° 11 ′ 21.8 "  N , 11 ° 11 ′ 34.1"  E