St. Johannes Baptist (Nabburg)
The Catholic parish church of St. Johannes Baptist is a Gothic basilica in Nabburg in the Upper Palatinate district of Schwandorf . It belongs to the parish of St. Johann Baptist Nabburg in the diocese of Regensburg and dominates the city skyline of Nabburg.
history
The church in Nabburg is located between the market and the former castle on the uppermost part of the ridge that slopes steeply to the Naab and is separated from the market by a row of houses.
The existing structure was probably started before 1300 under the influence of the Regensburg Cathedral and was probably completed around 1359. In spite of the uniform spatial effect, several construction phases and plan changes can be seen on the structure erected from east to west. A Romanesque predecessor building to which the double choirs of the existing complex could be traced has not yet been proven. At the latest with the dissolution of the parish seat in Perschen in 1419, the Nabburg church became a parish church. In the 15th century, the Anna chapel in the north was built as a baptistery and a western gallery. In 1474, eleven altars are indicated in the church. In 1536 the north tower collapsed and was not rebuilt; Parts of the north aisle were also destroyed. The introduction of the Reformation was accompanied by an iconoclasm in 1576, which resulted in the destruction of numerous works of art.
In 1700 the Sebastian Chapel was built in front of the south portal. Restoration was necessary around 1860 due to structural damage. In 1898 the baroque furnishings were removed and replaced by neo-Gothic furnishings, which included altars, stalls, the stations of the cross, a stone gallery parapet and glass paintings based on designs by Franz Xaver Zettler from Munich; the interior was also made according to medieval findings. In the years 1978–1981 an interior restoration was carried out, whereby the neo-Gothic furnishings were set up and restored.
architecture
Exterior
The largely uniform Gothic, three-aisled basilica stands out due to the two choirs in the east and west, which may be due to suggestions from Regensburg. The presumably older east choir is dominated by the gable of the main nave. Of the towers erected over the western aisle aisle, the southern one is divided into six storeys with a concluding octagon and pointed spire and was preserved, while the north tower was demolished to the eaves after it collapsed. In connection with the towers and the transept, a powerfully structured structure has been created with a centralized floor plan with a pronounced long-distance effect. The exterior is largely plastered, only the transept end walls , eaves cornices and eyelashes, as well as the buttresses, tracery windows and the corners of the tower , which are richly decorated with tracery , leaf friezes and crabs . To the north of the east choir is a Gothic, later Baroque-style sacristy with a basement.
In the south there is a large weathered sandstone relief from around 1400 depicting the descent from the cross and the entombment of Christ. On the outside of the Anna Chapel there are depictions of the Man of Sorrows as a console bust from the first third of the 15th century and the head of a female statue, probably from the early 14th century.
Interior
The three-aisled, short nave of the church has a high cliff wall , squat arcades and is accessed through the main entrance on the south side of the market. The east choir and the west choir show the five-eighth section , which is directly connected to the nave. The various sections of the room, such as the transept and a hinted fore choir yoke, are made clear by the differentiated design of the pillars and the wall templates, the entire interior is closed off with ribbed vaults .
In both choirs and in the transept, artistically valuable glass windows by Franz Xaver Zettler, which were donated in 1900 and 1904, are used. In the first and third yoke on the north side there are fragments of Gothic glass paintings , including the Noli me tangere window on the north side in field IV 2b.
In the southern Sebastian chapel there is a Gothic stepped portal with figure consoles and canopies. Corresponding spandrel reliefs from the middle of the 14th century show the birth of Christ and his offering in the temple. The door leaves are decorated with rich ornaments from the first third of the 18th century. A Gothic stone pietà has been preserved in this chapel . A partially processed epitaph with a depiction of the donors and coats of arms dates from around 1550.
Furnishing
The high altar from 1868 is a neo-Gothic winged altar with rich tracery and carved reliefs, which was put up again in 1978. It shows representations of the Annunciation and the Adoration of the Magi, the sermon of John the Baptist and the baptism of Christ, on the back of the side wings panel pictures with the flagellation and the crowning of thorns of Christ.
A late Gothic sacrament niche from the first half of the 14th century has been preserved behind the high altar . Above the southern altar is a baroque group of figures of the saints Florian, Sebastian and Wendelin from around 1730, which come from the former Sebastian chapel, today's portal vestibule.
The sandstone renaissance pulpit was created in 1526. The granite baptismal font from 1492 is in the northern Anna chapel. On the south wall there is a coat of arms stone from 1529 and a console bust. A relief from the Mount of Olives from around 1420 should also be mentioned. Of the numerous grave monuments a Rotmarmorepitaph for the priest Georg Thumbacher († 1634) and one of the Sandsteinepitaph are Andechser Benedictine priest Kaspar Ruepandus to mention († 1631) with half-figure relief. The organ is a work by Guido Nenninger from 1979 with 31 stops on three manuals and pedal .
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria V: Regensburg and the Upper Palatinate. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03118-0 , pp. 339–341.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information about the history on the website of the parish of Nabburg. Retrieved December 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Information about the organ on the organ database Bavaria online. Accessed August 31, 2020 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 27 '19 " N , 12 ° 10' 48.5" E