St. Marien (Göttingen)
| St. Mary | |
|---|---|
 St. Mary's Church with the Coming One in the foreground |
|
| Data | |
| place | Goettingen |
| Architectural style | Gothic |
| Construction year | 1319-1510 |
| particularities | |
| Altar from 1524 | |
The Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. Marien in Göttingen is one of seven churches in downtown Göttingen.
history
The history of the Marienkirche is closely connected to the settlement of the Teutonic Order in Göttingen. It was built as the parish church of the Göttingen Neustadt, a long row of houses west of the city walls, which has existed since around 1280, and was initially a small single-nave church the size of today's central nave. Founded in 1290 by Duke Albrecht II of Braunschweig , the church was first mentioned in 1295 as "little Jerusalem in front of Göttingen". In addition, allegedly by the Bishop of Lyon, letters of indulgence were issued for visiting the church.
In 1318 the church and the adjacent courtyards were given to the Teutonic Order. From then on, the church served as both a religious and a parish church. The building of the religious office, the Coming , was built in the year of the transfer to the west of the church. The order's extensive real estate in the area around Göttingen was administered from the Kommende.
In the course of the later growth of the Neustadt, which was bought by Göttingen in 1319, the current Gothic church began to be built in quarry stone in the form of a three-nave and three-bay hall church . In the first half of the 14th century, the side aisles and the choir were added to the main nave. In 1440, the former gate tower to the Neustadt, which had been used as a bell tower since 1319, was raised again. It is located between the church and the coming. Around 1468 the church was newly vaulted and converted into a relay hall . In 1510 the two-bay choir was rebuilt with its five-eighth closure .
In 1524 the altarpiece by the Göttingen artists Bartold Kastrop and Heinrich Heisen came to the church.
In the course of the Reformation in 1531, the first Protestant preacher was employed by the city council at the church. The Catholic Teutonic Order, however, refused payments to pay and use the parish apartment. After various interim solutions, the caste lords of St. Marien were only able to acquire a house on the Anger (today's Angerstrasse) in 1558 and furnish it as a parish apartment.
In 1784, the choir head, which had become dilapidated due to the proximity of the Leine Canal, was torn off and the choir was given a straight end. A pulpit altar made from parts of the winged altar is erected in front of it . At the same time, new benches and galleries were added to the church, which were aligned in rays towards the altar and thus towards the preacher.
The building of the Deutschordenskommende went into private ownership in 1810 and is now owned by the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
From 1883 the interior was renovated again following the neo-Gothic style . Under the direction of Conrad Wilhelm Hase , the galleries and the pulpit came into the church. The altar was also redesigned and received its current shape. In 1887 the choir polygon was reconstructed and the medieval plaster removed from the nave.
In 1926 the important Mahrenholz-Furtwängler organ came into the church.
Comprehensive renovation and security work took place in the 1960s, the last interior renovation was in 2003. From 2016 to 2017 the roof structure was renovated.
Furnishing
The most valuable piece of equipment is the former double-winged altar created by Bartold Kastrop and Heinrich Heisen , an altarpiece with two movable pairs of wings. In its original form, it showed four scenes from the life of Mary when closed . If you opened the outer wings, the first change, the so-called Sunday side, became visible. It showed 16 scenes from the Passion of Christ , which Heisen painted from woodcuts by Albrecht Dürer . If you also opened the inner wing, you could see the so-called festival side with carvings by Kastrop. The wings were adorned with eight representations of saints , in the shrine four further scenes from the life of Mary framed a large figure of Our Lady as an apocalyptic woman . In the course of the redesign of the church in 1784, the festival side of the winged altar was redesigned into a Baroque pulpit altar. A pulpit took the place of the Madonna. The wings were put together and mounted over it. The Madonna was placed in a halo in the altar gable. During the interior renovation in 1883, the altar was redesigned again in line with contemporary tastes.
This is how today's appearance emerged. The four scenes from the life of Mary are now surrounded by a neo-Gothic crucifix : on the left the scenes of the Annunciation to Mary and the Adoration of the Magi , on the right the scenes of the birth of Christ and the death of Mary . The former altar wings were attached to the sides. The left shows (from left to right) in the upper row the Saints Peter , Andreas , Jakobus the Elder and Johannes the Evangelist , below the Saints Matthew , Simon , Rupertus and Elisabeth of Thuringia . The right wing is adorned (from left to right) above the figures of Saint Thomas , James the Younger , Philip , Bartholomew and below those of Saints Hieronymus , Ursula , Judas Thaddäus and Matthias .
The Madonna from the former feast day found its place in the north aisle; the pictures on the former Sunday page were hung up separately from each other in the choir room.
During the neo-Gothic interior renovation, the pulpit with sound cover was also created. It is adorned with pictures showing Christ and some apostles .
The neo-Gothic font dates from 1881.
Most of the church windows were designed in 1970 by Johannes Schreiter in gray and white in thick concrete glass . In the north aisle, the remains of historical Apostle windows were put together.
organ
The organ is an important work of the Romantic period. It was rebuilt in 1925/1926, an expansion took place in 1928, a change in the layout in 1950 , a general overhaul / re-intonation in 1970/71 and a general renovation in 2003. The organ was also the starting point for the Göttingen organ movement.
Bells
St. Marien houses the oldest church bell in Göttingen from 1359, the ringing of which is complemented by a bell from 1464. The founders are unknown.
| Bell jar | Casting year | ∅ (cm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal (16th note) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1464 | 152 | approx. 2000 | it 1 |
| 2 | 1359 | 115 | approx. 950 | g 1 |
Parish
On October 1, 1951, the residents of the third pastoral care district were removed from the St. Mary's parish and their own parish was formed for them under the name of Friedenskirchengemeinde.
literature
- Dietrich Denecke and Helga-Maria Kühn : Göttingen, history of a university town. Volume 1, ed. by Dietrich Denecke and Helga-Maria Kühn, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1987, pp. 469 f., 515, 537 f.
- Wulf Schadendorf : Göttingen Churches ( Small Art Guide for Lower Saxony , Book 2), Göttingen 1953
- Dieter Unckenbold and Karl-Heinz Bielefeld: The Gothic Parish Churches in Göttingen , Heinz Reise -Verlag, Göttingen 1953
- Jens Reiche, Christian Scholl (ed.): Göttingen churches of the Middle Ages. Göttingen University Press, Göttingen 2015 [1]
- Wilhelm Blau: Church leader St. Marien Göttingen. Parish council of St. Marienkirche, Göttingen 2008
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Schäfer: "Chase away the enemy, decorate the festivals" . In: Göttinger Tageblatt . Göttingen 2011, p. 9 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 31 ′ 57 " N , 9 ° 55 ′ 47" E