St. Martin (Bigge)
The Catholic parish church of St. Martin is a listed church building in Bigge , a district of the city of Olsberg in the Hochsauerland in North Rhine-Westphalia .
History and architecture
The original church is probably a former royal court chapel . It was first mentioned in a document in 1222. According to this document, Engelbert I and Countess Mathilde von Altena exchanged the patronage rights to the church in Elsey for the rights to the church of St. Martinus in Bigge. In the same year, the first priest, Conrad Sacerdos in Bige, was mentioned in a document. The oldest church must have been about a meter lower than the present one, because you have to go down so deep to get to the tower's staircase. The current church was built between 1769 and 1773. At the south portal , the term is 1770. The tower could date from the 11th to 13th centuries. The church from 1770 was a single-aisled building with rectangular cross vaults. Three bays of the Gothic-style baroque hall have been preserved. A neo-Romanesque transept was added from 1888 to 1889. At the same time, two sacristies and a prayer room for the von Wendt family were added. The masonry and the vaults of the church were made of quarry stone and plastered. The door and window frames, as well as the sloping base, were made of sandstone. The roofs and buttresses are covered with slate. All cornices were made of wood. The round arched south portal with rich entablature bears the inscription eCCesIa.DeI.beatiqVe.MartInI.noVa.sVrgebat. (The Church of God and Saint Martin was rebuilt), the large Latin letters are a chronogram and mean the year 1770. In a shell niche stands a figure of Saint Martin, which was created by the sculptor Leonard Falter from Büren.
On April 2, 1945, at the end of the Second World War , US troops began bombarding Bigge. On the night of April 5, the St. Martin area received special fire. The sexton was killed by shrapnel. Seven people died in the shelter in the bell tower, which was hit directly. Except for the high altar, the church was devastated.
From 1975 to 1976 extensive renovations were carried out inside and out. The painting was done using structures, colors and motifs from the design from 1894. From the old painting, three Apostle crosses in the lower part of the church and the gilding of the upper parts of the southern confessional have been preserved. The church was redesigned according to the provisions of the Second Vatican Council and redesigned with a celebration altar , which was set up at the intersection of the choir and transept. New lead glass windows were installed, they are the work of Nikolaus Bette from Essen. Mostly scenes from the New Testament are shown. The south round window in the transept shows the fifteen mysteries of the rosary, in the north round window scenes from the Old Testament are depicted.
tower
The present west tower has been preserved from the original church . In the west wall of the tower you can still see the arched connection to the old ship. The tower walls are 2.5 m thick. In the north and west walls, stairs lead to the upper floors, which are covered with Romanesque cross vaults . The walls are only structured by a few slotted windows. The walls of the bell chamber are divided by two sound openings. The originally existing window in the west wall was bricked up except for a small opening. An eight-sided pyramid sits as a helmet on the tower. A sphere, a cross and a rooster, which were restored in 1963, form the end. The tower is about 50 meters high. In the interior of the tower there is a memorial chapel for the fallen of the two world wars.
Furnishing
- The high altar is a work by the sculptor Fleige from Münster, it was donated by Pastor Trippe. In Gothic carving it shows two reliefs depicting the Adoration of the Magi and the Wedding at Cana. The altar is richly illuminated .
- Three altars and a pulpit were built in 1770 by a Brilon minorite , they were demolished and removed in the new building in 1893. Four confessionals and the organ brochure still exist from the original furnishings .
- The rotating tabernacle of the old high altar is in the sacristy . The capitals and bases of the outward sloping pilasters are made of rocaille . Putti kneel on the bases , and a curved main cornice with a cartouche is placed on the semicircular niche, crowned with a pelican .
- The four confessionals are richly decorated in rocaille, they each have a bas-relief as a crown. It relates to the sacrament of penance. Shown are: Jesus and the Samaritan woman, Jesus and Mary Magdalene, Peter with the rooster and the prodigal son with his father.
- The Marienaltar is the side altar on the north side. Above him is a medallion with the coronation of Mary .
- On the south side is the cross altar, above it a medallion with the handkerchief of Veronica .
- On the side walls of the high choir are the figures of the patrons of the Bigger branch churches: St. Hubertus, St. Laurentius, St. Barbara, St. Nicholas and St. John the Baptist.
organ
The rococo organ brochure was made in 1783. The pipes are arranged in 15 fields. The central crown is made up of large free sculptures, two angels blowing trumpets and King David . The organ work goes back to the organ builder Johann-Markus Oestreich , built between 1783 and 1789. The organ work was repaired several times over the years and extensively redesigned in 1952 and 1970. In 1989 the organ building company Fischer und & Krämer (Endingen) was commissioned with the reconstruction of the organ in Oestreich. The slider chests -instrument today 29 stops (1966 pipes) on two manuals and pedal. The playing and stop actions are mechanical.
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Bells
- The bell in the turret above the crossing has a diameter of 45 cm and was cast in 1667.
- The bell from 1545 with a diameter of 92 cm was picked up in 1942 and was supposed to be melted down for war purposes. She was found again after the war in the bell cemetery in Hamburg. The resulting crack was welded, the bell serves to strike the hour for the tower clock. Between the wreaths of flowers is the inscription Charitas Byn I Named in Disser Tit Veiller Unknown in Gothic minuscule but I roppe Fredde Dem Donner Vnde to come to everyone in Leffte. Johan Von Collen Gote Mich MVcXXXXV to read.
New bells
A new bell was cast by the Humpert bell foundry in Brilon in 1947 .
- Ave Maria! Glorious Queen of Heaven on earth be our helper . The bell has a diameter of 125 cm and weighs 1,121 kg. It is tuned to tone e '.
- St. Joseph, faithful craftsman, take care of your children . The diameter is 105 cm, the bell weighs 675 kg, it is tuned to the tone g '.
- St. Martin, Bigger patron saint, prays for us to God's throne , with a diameter of 94 cm and a weight of 471 kg, tone a '.
- My name is St. Sebastian, Bigger Schützen gave me free . It weighs 330 kg, has a diameter of 83 cm and the tone h '.
literature
- Georg Dehio (founder): Handbook of German art monuments. North Rhine-Westphalia. Volume 2: Dorothea Kluge, Wilfried Hansmann : Westphalia. Revision. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 1969
- Paul Michels, Nikolaus Rodenkirchen, Franz Herberhold, architectural and art monuments of Westphalia, Brilon district, volume 45, 1952, Aschendorfsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Münster, Ed .: Wilhelm Rave.
supporting documents
- ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 . Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955, section Bigge, pp. 154–156.
- ^ Paul Michels, Nikolaus Rodenkirchen, Franz Herberhold, Architectural and Art Monuments of Westphalia, Brilon District , Volume 45, 1952, Aschendorfsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster, HRSG .: Wilhelm Rave. Pages 116
- ^ Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments, North Rhine-Westphalia . Volume 2, Westphalia, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1969, page 49
- ↑ Comprehensive information on the history of the Oestreich organ ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 30.7 " N , 8 ° 28 ′ 15.9" E