St. Martin (Pfaffenhofen near Kastl)
The Kuratiekirche St. Martin in the Pfaffenhofen district of the Upper Palatinate market Kastl in the Amberg-Sulzbach district of Bavaria belongs to the parish of Kastl. It is located near the Schweppermannsburg .
history
Pfaffenhofen is one of the " hofen-places " whose origin can be assumed in the 8th century. The parish of Pfaffenhofen was established on the border between the diocese of Eichstätt and the diocese of Regensburg , its district stretched from Hohenkemnath to Unter ammerthal and Deinschwang .
Between 1182 and 1196, Bishop Otto von Eichstätt consecrated a church in Phafenhouen , which essentially still constitutes the building stock of today's church.
In 1310 the parish was subordinated to the Kastl monastery. The devastation caused by the Thirty Years' War resulted in the relocation of the parish seat to Kastl. In 1958 the last pastor was withdrawn from Pfaffenhofen.
Allegedly, the church was originally a St. Mary's Church, with the patronage of the Assumption . In 1960 she was placed under the patronage of Martin von Tours .
Construction
The nave of the church is Romanesque , but it is assumed that there is a previous building from around 800 under the pavement of the church. The nave, made of hewn dolomite blocks, dates from the 12th century. The base around the portal is led with a straight lintel , which looks very massive, the semicircular staircase forms a contrast. The windows on the north side are Romanesque with a reveal above the entrance, the rest of the windows were enlarged in the Baroque period for better lighting.
In the 15th century, a five-sided choir and sacristy were built in place of the semicircular east apse . The keystone with the head of Christ built into the gable of the sacristy comes from a Gothic choir vault. The heavy linden wood door with Romanesque fittings is worth mentioning . On the pull ring you can find demon and disaster repellent animal ornaments, a double-headed snake encloses a ring with a star in the center. It is noticeable that the late Gothic masonry here is less carefully executed than that of the nave. The tower was built in the 16th century.
In the 18th century, the church building was redesigned in Baroque style , which, apart from the windows in the nave, essentially only affected the interior, while the church itself has retained its medieval structure.
Interior
The picture on the Gothic altar represents St. Martin. Otherwise the furnishings are baroque.
Karner von Pfaffenhofen
Since the medieval cemeteries built around the churches became too small due to the increasing population, the bones of people who had died earlier were repeatedly found when new graves were laid. For these were erected so-called. Karner (charnel houses) that were created doppelgeschossig generally; bones and skulls were stacked in the lower room, and a chapel was set up on the first floor to read spiritual masses.
These secondary burials came to an end during the Reformation . Memorial masses, sprinkling of the bones with holy water and their veneration were for the Calvinist visitors an expression of a Popist cult of the dead that was to be abhorred: Bones had to be buried again in the cemetery, the basement of the Karner had to be walled up or Karner had to be completely demolished.
In Pfaffenhofen, however, the 13th century Karner was preserved behind the church. It is a two-storey Dolomitquaderbau with a gable roof , a late Romanesque kleeblattbogigem Portal and a light bay . In the Gothic period, the Karner was redesigned and painted with stucco ornaments. The old oriel apse was torn off except for the richly profiled console and replaced by a Gothic window. At that time, a wedge-shaped bay of lights protruding over the wall on the north side and the no longer recognizable fresco with the procession of the Magi were created . The light bay is testimony to a medieval cult of the dead, because it was believed that the consecrated light, just like the intercessory prayer or the holy water, could bring relief to the poor souls in purgatory . That is why bay windows were installed through which the glow of the Eternal Light could fall on the dead. During excavation work between the church and the Karner, however, a large number of human bones were found, which may have come from the Karner, which was cleared out in the 16th century.
literature
- Mathias Conrad: Medieval churchyard in Pfaffenhofen. In amberg information , December 1997, pp. 25-29.
Web links
- Kastl on aerial photo Laumer, accessed on July 16, 2020.
- Interior view of the Karner von Pfaffenhofen accessed on July 16, 2020.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kastl parish , accessed on July 16, 2020.
- ^ Church and inn with a whistle in Pfaffenhofen. From Karner to Paule. Onetz from September 21, 2017, accessed on July 16, 2020.
Coordinates: 49 ° 22 ′ 2.6 ″ N , 11 ° 39 ′ 40 ″ E