Stanislaw Car

Stanislaw Car

Stanisław Henryk Car [ sta'nʲiswav 'xɛnrɨk t̠͡ɕar ] (born April 26, 1882 in Warsaw , † June 18, 1938 ibid) was a Polish lawyer and politician of the Sanacja . He was Minister of Justice four times and Sejmmarschall from 1935 to 1938 .

Life

Car studied law at the University of Warsaw and the University of Odessa until 1907 and was a trainee lawyer from 1908 to 1911 . He subsequently worked as a lawyer in Warsaw and was an arbitrator from 1915 . In the regency kingdom , he advised the Provisional Council of State (government cabinet).

In December 1918, Car was appointed head of his civil law office by the head of state Józef Piłsudski . He remained in this post until the end of Piłsudski's term of office in December 1922, apart from the leave of absence during the Polish-Soviet War when he volunteered for the army. He then remained head of the chancellery under the first elected President Gabriel Narutowicz , who was in office for only five days, and initially under his successor Stanisław Wojciechowski , who dismissed him in February 1923. As one of Piłsudski's closest confidants, he was reassigned as head of the office after the May coup in June 1926. In December 1926 he moved to the Ministry of Justice as Undersecretary of State in the first Bartel cabinet . On December 22, 1928, he was appointed Minister of Justice to the fourth Bartel cabinet and held this post in the subsequent Świtalski cabinet until December 7, 1929. From March 29 to December 4, 1930, he was again Minister of Justice in the first Sławek cabinet and in the second Piłsudski cabinet.

In the fall of 1930, Car obtained a mandate in the Sejm and was elected deputy Sejm Marshal. At the same time, he was an adviser to the constitutional committee and, alongside Walery Sławek, played a leading role in drafting the new constitution. His draft paper was adopted on January 26, 1934 with a handwritten heading in the absence of the opposition as the new constitution and came into force in April 1935 as the " April constitution " after confirmation in the Senate . After the early parliamentary elections that followed, Car was again elected a member of parliament and Sejm Marshal. He held this function - the third most important in the Republic of Poland according to the new constitution - until his death in 1938.

reputation

Car, who was valued by Piłsudski for his skilful interpretation of the law (or perversion of the law ), laid the foundations for the authoritarian system of the Sanacja. The so-called constitutional precedents , which have been increasingly used since 1926 , H. daring but formally legal interpretations of the March constitution were based on his ideas. This included, for example, the repeated appointment of the same cabinet under a changed chairmanship as a reaction by the president to a vote of no confidence . His opponents mocked him based on his name ("Car" means " Tsar " in Polish ) and the address of the Russian Emperor as Jego Interpretatorskoje Wieliczestwo (thus pseudo-Russian for His Interpretative Highness instead of His Imperial Highness) .

Web links

• Encyklopedia PWN : Car Stanisław (Polish)
• Robert Witak: Stanisław Car - zarys życia i dzialalności do zamachu majowego (Polish)
• Robert Witak: Stanisław Car w polskim życiu politycznym w latach 1926−1928 (Polish)