Wacław Makowski

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Wacław Makowski (1927)

Wacław Makowski [ˈvat͡swaf maˈkɔfskʲi] (* November 2 jul (?) Or November 15 greg (?) 1880 in Vilnius ; † December 28, 1942 in Bucharest ) was a Polish lawyer and politician ( BBWR , OZN ). He was a university professor, multiple Minister of Justice , at times a senator , three-time Sejm deputy and from 1938 to 1939 the last Sejm Marshal ( President of Parliament ) of the Second Polish Republic .

Life

After graduating from high school in Vilnius in 1898 , Wacław Makowski studied law at the University of Warsaw and graduated in 1902 . He then attended legal lectures in Krakow , Lemberg and Paris . He worked in Warsaw (then in the Russian Empire ) initially as a legal assistant to Stanisław Patek and later as a lawyer. He sympathized with the left faction of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) without being a member. He was arrested twice ( 1901 and 1906 ) for his anti-Tsarist activity. After the withdrawal of the Imperial Russian Army from Warsaw during World War I in 1915 , he organized Polish people's militias and judiciary. From 1916 to 1919 he was a member of the city council of the capital Warsaw. 1917 - 1918 he was deputy director in Justizdepartament of the Provisional State Council (government) of the Kingdom of Poland . Between February 27 and April 4, 1918 he was head of the Justice Department (corresponds to Minister of Justice) in the Ponikowski I cabinet . From 1917 until his death he was a lecturer at the University of Warsaw, from 1921 associate professor and from 1923 full professor of criminal law . After Józef Piłsudski proclaimed Polish independence in November 1918, Makowski was one of his supporters. From February 7, 1919 to 1920, he worked in the Ministry of Agriculture and State Domains .

During the Polish-Soviet War , he joined the Polish Army in July 1920 and was assigned to the Court Corps. In 1922 he was released from military service and on June 28, 1922, he was again appointed Minister of Justice (in the Śliwiński , Nowak and Sikorski I cabinets until May 26, 1923 ). After Piłsudski's military coup in the summer of 1926 ( May 15 to September 30 ), he was again Minister of Justice in the three successive Bartel Cabinets .

In 1922 Makowski unsuccessfully applied for a seat in parliament (both for the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate) with the election proposal of the Polish People's Party (PSL). In 1928 Makowski received a seat in the Sejm (Chamber of Deputies) from the list of the pro-government group " Nonpartisan Block for Cooperation with the Government " (BBWR). He was a member of the committee for drafting the new constitution, as its chairman, and of the law committee. As a constitutional theorist he was, in his words, a supporter of a “social state” that is supported by society as a collective and not by individual rights and the abstract legal system. In the rigged election of 1930 he was confirmed as a member of the BBWR and continued his work in the Sejm committees. On October 1, 1931 , he was elected Deputy Sejm Marshal (President of the Chamber). In 1935 Makowski received a mandate in the Senate and became Deputy Senate President. From 1935 to 1937 he was also dean of the Law Faculty of the University of Warsaw. In 1937 he gave up the chair of criminal law and was instead given the chair of constitutional law . With the early parliamentary elections on November 6, 1938 , he switched back to the Sejm as a representative of the National Unity Camp (OZN) and was elected Sejm Marshal on November 28 of this year.

On September 2, 1939 , after the German invasion of Poland , Makowski chaired the last session of the Chamber of Deputies of the 2nd Polish Republic. On September 17, 1939, he traveled to Romania with President Ignacy Mościcki and most of the members of the political and military leadership of Poland . Contrary to previous agreements, he was prevented from continuing his journey and interned there . New President Władysław Raczkiewicz dissolved the parliament on November 2, 1939. Makowski died in Bucharest during the war and was buried there. When they wanted to transfer his bones to Poland in 1979 , it was found that his grave had meanwhile been leveled. Instead, a mock grave was erected in the Powązki cemetery in Warsaw .

family

Wacław Makowski was the son of the bookseller and publisher Wacław Leon Makowski (1854–1929) and his wife Apolonia Makowska nee. Chełmińska. In 1904 Maria married Łoyko. They had two sons, Wacław Jacek and Jerzy.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Date varies depending on the source and does not indicate whether it is a Julian or a Gregorian date . Since in 1880 the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the Julian calendar used in Russia was twelve and not thirteen days, at least one of the two statements is incorrect or has been incorrectly calculated or calculated backwards.
  2. ↑ Marek Kornat: WŁADYSŁAW T. KULESZA Państwo w myśli politycznej i ustrojowo-prawnej (review) . In: sejm.gov.pl; accessed on October 12, 2019 (Polish).
  3. ↑ sejm.gov.pl: Pierwsze dni II wojny światowej - ostatnie dni Sejmu II Rzeczypospolitej , August 30, 2019; accessed on October 12, 2019 (Polish).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Makowski, Waclaw
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish lawyer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Vilnius
DATE OF DEATH December 28, 1942
Place of death Bucharest