State Sponsors of Terrorism

"State Sponsors of Terrorism" , English for supporting terrorism States is one of the US State Department published list of countries that "repeated acts of international terrorism have supported".

When it was first compiled on December 29, 1979, the countries Libya , Iraq , South Yemen and Syria were on the list.

The following countries are currently on the list of countries supporting terrorism: Syria, Iran , Sudan and North Korea . Countries on this list are subject to severe unilateral sanctions . In the meantime, Cuba was also on the list.

Formalities

The US Secretary of State usually reports to Congress on April 30 each year about the extent to which the respective country has recently been noticed as a supporter of international terrorism and what can be expected from this country in this regard in the near future. The Secretary of State forwards the list as a recommendation to the US President . If the latter agrees to the recommendation, it will be forwarded to the congress , which has 45 days for an examination. Any objections on the part of the Congress can only be asserted with a two-thirds majority . Otherwise, the recommendation will come into effect after the deadline.

Countries currently listed

Syria

Syria was added to the list on December 29, 1979.

The country is accused, among other things, of supporting numerous terrorist groups in the Middle East region and providing them with weapons. These include, for example, the Lebanese Hezbollah and the Palestinian Hamas .

Iran

The Iran was added to the list on March 1, 1984th

The country is accused of maintaining financial, material and logistical support for numerous regional terrorist organizations in the Middle East, such as the Lebanese Hezbollah and the Palestinian Hamas with the Islamic Jihad in the Gaza Strip and the Houthi rebels in Yemen.

North Korea

North Korea was added to the list in 1988. At that time, the country was accused of supporting terrorist groups and providing safe residence ( asylum ) for Japanese terrorists. Terrorist attacks on South Korean facilities , such as a bomb attack on Korean Airlines Flight 858 in 1987, were later added.

In 2009, North Korea was removed from the list after promising to end its nuclear weapons program . On November 20, 2017, the country was put back on the list.

Sudan

The Sudan was launched on 12 August 1993 in the list because the Sudanese government in 1992 Osama bin Laden invited to live in the country.

Although the Sudanese government is cooperating with the USA and expelled bin Laden in 1996, it cannot get the security problems in the country under control. Foreign terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda used the country as a base of operations.

Countries removed from the list

Libya

Libya was added to the list on December 29, 1979 and deleted again on May 15, 2006.

Iraq

Iraq was added to the terrorist list on December 29, 1979 and removed again in 1982 to allow arms deliveries from US companies to Iraq because of the ongoing Iranian-Iraqi war . After Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Iraq was re-added to the list. The country was accused, among other things, of being the base of operations for terrorist organizations such as the Iranian opposition movement People's Mujahedin , the Palestinian Liberation Front and the Abu Nidal Organization . After the fall of Saddam Hussein , Iraq was removed from the list again.

South Yemen

South Yemen was added to the list on December 29, 1979. The country has been accused of supporting left-wing extremist terror groups. After reunification with the Yemeni Arab Republic (Northern Yemen) in 1990, the country was removed from the list.

Cuba

Cuba was under the presidency of Ronald Reagan taken on March 1, 1982 at the list.

The country was then heavily involved in supporting numerous revolutionary movements in Latin America and Africa, as well as European left-wing terrorist organizations such as the Basque ETA . As early as the 2013 report, it was positively noted that such support had become noticeably weaker and that Cuba also supported the peace negotiations between the Colombian government and the Colombian guerrilla organization FARC and operated as a mediator.

On April 14, 2015, on the recommendation of the State Department , US President Barack Obama announced that he wanted to remove Cuba from the list of countries supporting terrorism. After the 45-day congressional objection period expired on May 29, Secretary of State John Kerry put the deletion into effect.

Timeline

State Sponsors of Terrorism List Timeline
1970s	1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	0	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9
Syria
Libya
Iraq											Iraq
South Yemen
					Cuba
					Iran
								North Korea																														North Korea
																Sudan

See also

• List of terrorist organizations overseas designated by the United States Department of State

literature

• Moritz-Alexander Felde: Financial market implications of firm operations in countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism . Dissertation, TU Aachen 2012.
• Magdalena Kirchner: Why States Rebel. Understanding State Sponsorship of Terrorism . Barbara Budrich Verlag, Opladen 2016. ISBN 978-3-8474-0641-9

Web links

• State Department of State Sponsors of Terrorism
• Country Reports on Terrorism , annual country reports on terrorism

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Sponsors of Terrorism , State Department, accessed April 24, 2015.
2. ↑ 22 US Code § 2656f - Annual country reports on terrorism , US Code ›Title 22› Chapter 38 ›§ 2656f, Cornell University Law School, accessed April 25, 2015
3. ↑ USA re-classify North Korea as a supporter of terrorism. ( Memento of November 20, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Der Standard , November 20, 2017, accessed the day after.
4. ↑ Cuba and the deletion from the US terrorist list standard.at on April 15, 2015
5. ↑ USA removes Cuba from terror list , Frankfurter Rundschau of May 29, 2015