Stone herbs
Stone herbs | ||||||||||||
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Mountain stone herb ( Alyssum montanum ), illustration |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Alyssum | ||||||||||||
L. |
The genus stone herbs ( Alyssum ) belongs to the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Alyssum species grow as annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plants , rarely subshrubs and reach heights of about 8 to 100 centimeters. The root is thin and spindle-shaped. Above-ground parts of plants usually have sedentary star hairs or rarely simple hairs ( trichomes ). The upright, ascending or lying stems can be branched or unbranched. The stalked or sessile leaves are arranged in basal rosettes and / or alternately distributed on the stem. The simple leaf blades are entire.
Generative characteristics
Grape-like inflorescences stand alone or in umbrella-clusters or paniculate whole inflorescences and contain few to many flowers. The flower stalks are thin or squat. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold with a double flower envelope (perianth). The four sepals are ovate to elongated. The four petals are yellow, white or rarely pink. There are six stamens . The stamens can be unilateral, bilateral or non-winged and there can be appendages or they are toothed. The anthers are egg-shaped or oblong. There are four nectar glands, one on each side of the lateral stamens, but there are no central nectar glands. In each ovary two (rarely four to eight) are located in the apical or parietal placentation one or ovules . The scar is heady.
The stemmed pods are usually very flat and shaped differently depending on the species. formed with winged or wingless seeds. There are no nerves on the fluffy hairy or smooth valves. The replay is rounded. The broad septum is fully developed, membranous and without nerves. The seeds lying in two rows or without rows are flattened, more or less circular to egg-shaped and can have wings. The seed coat can be smooth or slightly reticulated.
Systematics and distribution
The genus name Alyssum was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, pp. 650-652. Type species is Alyssum montanum L. Synonyms for Alyssum L. are: Gamosepalum Hausskn. , Psilonema C.A.Mey. , Ptilotrichum C.A.Mey. The generic name Alyssum is derived from the Greek a - for not or without and lyssa for rabies or madness.
The genus Alyssum belongs to the tribe Alysseae in the family Brassicaceae .
The areas of the Alyssum species are mainly located in Southeast Europe , Southwest Asia and North Africa . One focus of biodiversity is the Mediterranean area . Some species are neophytes in many areas of the world .
Since 2015 there are only about 114 Alyssum species: |
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Some species no longer belong to the genus Alyssum :
- Alyssum saxatile L. → Rock stone herb ( Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. )
- Alyssum maritimum L. → Lobularia maritima L.
In 2015 about 87 species from the genus Alyssum were transformed into the genus Odontarrhena C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb. posed.
swell
- Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz : Brassicaceae. : Alyssum , p. 447 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 (section description)
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae. : Alyssum , p. 59 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2001 ISBN 0-915279-93-2 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Alyssum at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (Sections Description and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum , 2, 1753, pp. 650-652 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ Alyssum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 25, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae. : Datasheet Alyssum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Alyssum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c Stanislav Španiel, Matúš KempaEsteban Salmerón-Sánchez, Javier Fuertes-Aguilar, Juan F. Mota, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Dmitry A. German, Katarína Olšavská, Barbora Šingliarová, Judita Zozomová-Lihová, Karol Marhold: Alyase : database of names, chromosome numbers, and ploidy levels of Alysseae (Brassicaceae), with a new generic concept of the tribe. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 301, Issue 10, December 2015, pp. 2463–2491. doi: 10.1007 / s00606-015-1257-3 online.
- ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae. : Datasheet Odontarrhena In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.