Street of Tolerance (Hanover)

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The Street of Tolerance in Hanover was the designation of an ensemble of sacred buildings from various religious communities , which between 1870 and 1938, visibly lined up like a chain, stretched across the Calenberger Neustadt : the Catholic St. Clemens Church , the Jewish New Synagogue , the Evangelical Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis as well as the Evangelical Reformed Church . It is considered an example of peaceful coexistence among religious communities and citizens since 1827.

history

The origin of the “Road of Tolerance” points back to the Reformation . In 1588 a religious edict stipulated that only Lutherans were allowed to live within the walls of Hanover . Catholics , Jews and evidently also Protestant Anabaptists and Reformed people moved to the then independent " Neustadt vor Hannover ". With the ducal support they were able to build houses of worship. In 1670 the Evangelical Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis , in 1705 the Reformed Church and in 1718 the Catholic St. Clemens Church was completed.

The Jews already had a house of prayer in Neustadt at the end of the 16th century, but it was "destroyed and abolished" in 1593 at the instigation of Duke Heinrich Julius . They themselves had been expelled from the Neustadt, their property had been "graciously assigned to the church" by the duke. In 1608 they were allowed to return and in 1609 they completed their new synagogue . But church leaders in the Calenberger Land were outraged because the Jews had again built a " temple " in the Neustadt . The Ronnenberg Evangelical Superintendent Wichmann Schulrabe , to whose Lutheran district the Neustadt before Hanover belonged, protested in writing to the consistory in Wolfenbüttel in February 1613 . In doing so, he referred to the "church father" Ambrosius , who opposed Emperor Theodosius I in 388 . enforced and prevented the latter from punishing a bishop who had incited the crowd to burn down a synagogue. In the same year 1613, the Grand Vogt zu Calenberg had this second Jewish church in Calenberger Neustadt demolished on a princely order . For 75 years the Jews in Hanover had no place to hold church services. In 1688 they were allowed to set up a place of prayer in a private house in Neustadt until 1703, the court and chamber agent Leffmann Behrens was allowed to build a new synagogue on the spot where the synagogue that had been removed in 1613 had stood - namely, apart from the three Christian churches and on a secluded place not visible to the public in a side street between the Neustädter Church and St. Clement's Church. When the synagogue became dilapidated after 120 years and had to be demolished, the Jews were again allowed to build a classicist brick building on the same site , which was inaugurated in 1827 and later called the "Old Synagogue".

In the following years the synagogue became too small for Hanover’s growing Jews. On the basis of state legislation, freedom of religion and legal equality , it was able to inaugurate a “New Synagogue” in 1870, of equal size and close to the three Christian churches. The four-part ensemble that had now emerged was considered at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century as a symbol of religious tolerance and mutual acceptance of an upper bourgeoisie that largely knew that they were economically, socially and politically united. However, the juxtaposition of the houses of the various religious communities was not perceived as an expression of religious coexistence in the long term and also not in all population groups . During the Reichspogromnacht in 1938, the “New Synagogue” was destroyed by the National Socialists .

Churches and "Synagogue Memorial"

After the Second World War , the three Christian churches that were victims of the air raids on Hanover were rebuilt. In 1958, a memorial plaque was placed on the covered property of the New Synagogue. 1,978 at one's been Red Series situated corner piece of the former synagogue place a small, 1,993 advanced, "Memorial synagogue" built. Every year on November 9th, the city of Hanover and the Hanover region hold a commemoration in memory of the Reichspogromnach t. The Christian congregations cultivate close ecumenical cooperation in the sense of "inner-Christian tolerance" on their "Road of Tolerance", which they also refer to as the "Church Mile". In general, the street of tolerance is now also seen as “a symbol of attempt and a symbol of failure” of communal coexistence, especially in the first half of the 20th century.

literature

  • Annette von Boetticher : The Calenberger Neustadt in Hanover and its churches in the "Street of Tolerance" , in: Church pedagogy. Journal of the Bundesverband Kirchenpädagogik eV , Issue 1 (2002), pp. 26–27; also as a PDF document
  • Peter Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg. Part 1: 1700-1933, Ed .: City of Ronnenberg, writings on urban development, Vol. 4, Ronnenberg 2012.
  • Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: Church and Synagogue , in: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past, publisher: Region Hannover (Ahlem memorial). Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , pp. 22-24.
  • Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Stadtlexikon Hannover. From the beginning to the present , Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hanover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 .
  • M. [eir] Wiener: Liepmann Cohen and his sons, Chamber Agents in Hanover, in: Monthly for the History and Science of Judaism, Ed .: Oberrabbiner Z. [Acharias] Frankel, Volume 13, Issue 5, Breslau 1864, p. 161 -184.

General:

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andor Izsák , Ingrid Spieckermann : Fire crack through the world - 70 years after the synagogue fire. Synagogale Gesänge von Israel Alter, cantor at the destroyed synagogue of Hanover ], program for the event Autumn Days of Jewish Music 2008. Commemoration and confidence on the website of the Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media , Hanover: HMTMH, 2008, p. 8; Autumn days EZJM.pdf as PDF document
  2. ↑ Christopher Görlich: Reise Know-How CityTrip Hannover , 2nd edition, Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Peter Rump, 2017, ISBN 978-3-8317-4866-2 , pp. 14, 54, 57, 60; Preview over google books
  3. ^ A b Klaus Mlynek : Calenberger Neustadt , in: Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Stadtlexikon Hannover , Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 106; limited preview in Google Book search
  4. ↑ Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn , Sabine Albersmeier (Ed.): Herrenhausen - Gardens, Spirit and Art. Herrenhausen Summer Academy 2013 (= Herrenhausen Writings , Volume 1), 1st edition, Munich: Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft München, 2014, ISBN 978-3-96091-016-9 , p. 50; limited preview in Google Book search
  5. ↑ a b Thomas Fuchs ( arr .), Annette von Boetticher , Karin Hartbecke (collaborators): Leibniz and his books. Catalog. Book collections from the Leibniz period in the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library (= writings , volume 2), Hameln: Niemeyer, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8271-8902-8 and ISBN 3-8271-8902-0 , p. 22, 31
  6. ↑ top v .: Propsteikirche Basilica St. Clemens on the page of the parish of the same name [undated], last accessed on September 5, 2019
  7. ↑ a b Anneliese Beckmann, Johannes Lim, Erhard Delacor: The Calenberger Ökumene on the website of the Catholic parish of St. Heinrich in Hanover [ undated ], last accessed on September 5, 2019
  8. ↑ Annedore Beelte-Altwig, Ulrike Duffing et al. : ... for locals and guests / Interreligious city tour on the website of the House of Religions in Hanover in the version of August 27, 2018
  9. ↑ Simon Benne : City walk with journalist Bernward Kalbhenn ... on the page of the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from August 17, 2017, last accessed on September 5, 2019
  10. ↑ top v .: 12th city walk - "The Street of Tolerance" in the Calenberger Neustadt on the side of the parish of the garden church [ top left ] D.]
  11. ↑ a b c d e Christian Simon: The way to the capital of Protestantism , in Katharina Schmidt-Vogt, Thomas Schwark (Red.): Province + Metropole. Hanover 1900 to 1999. Exhibition and accompanying book / Historical Museum, Hanover. (= Writings of the Historisches Museum Hannover , issue 18), publisher: Landeshauptstadt Hannover - The Lord Mayor - Historisches Museum Hannover, Hannover: HMH, 2000, ISBN 978-3-910073-19-7 and ISBN 3-910073-19-0 , Pp. 79-90; here especially p. 80; limited preview in Google Book search
  12. ↑ a b Klaus Mlynek : Calenberger Neustadt , in: Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Stadtlexikon Hannover , Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 105
  13. ↑ a b Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: Church and Synagogue , in: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past, publisher: Region Hannover (Ahlem memorial). Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 22
  14. ↑ a b c M. [eir] Wiener: Liepmann Cohen and his sons, Chamber Agents in Hanover, in: Monthly for the History and Science of Judaism, Ed .: Oberrabbiner Z. [Acharias] Frankel, Volume 13, Issue 5, Breslau 1864 , P. 171.
  15. ↑ Peter Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg. Part 1: 1700-1933, Ed .: Stadt Ronnenberg, Writings on Urban Development, Vol. 4, Ronnenberg 2012, pp. 17 and 20.
  16. ↑ Peter Schulze: Synagogen, in: Klaus Mlynek : Calenberger Neustadt , in: Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Stadtlexikon Hannover , Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 614.
  17. ↑ cf. Peter Schulze: Synagogen, in: Klaus Mlynek : Calenberger Neustadt , in: Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Stadtlexikon Hannover , Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 614.
  18. ↑ cf. Peter Schulze: Synagogen, in: Klaus Mlynek : Calenberger Neustadt , in: Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Stadtlexikon Hannover , Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 614 f.
  19. ↑ Red row. Street of Tolerance , article on the website of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 19.1 ″  N , 9 ° 43 ′ 41.1 ″  E