Common curly head bolete
| Common curly head bolete | ||||||||||||
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Common Strubbelkopfröhrling ( Strobilomyces strobilaceus ) |
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| Strobilomyces strobilaceus | ||||||||||||
| ( Scop. ) Berk. |
The common ruffle-headed boletus ( Strobilomyces strobilaceus , syn. S. floccopus ) is a type of fungus from the family of thick boletus relatives . It is native to Europe and North America and is the only representative of its genus in Europe.
Young fruit bodies are edible. Due to its often bitter taste, it is not recommended as an edible mushroom.
features
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Macroscopic features
The 4–10 cm wide hat has a hemispherical and later a curved shape with a fringed, rolled edge. The very soft, dark gray to black, pyramidal or upright, scale-like structures on the otherwise gray-brown to almost white surface of the hat are striking . The hexagonal pores or mouths of the tubes on the underside of the hat are a dirty white or gray color and tan when pressed. The largely cylindrical stem , somewhat thicker towards the tip, is up to 14 cm long and 2 cm thick. It is colored like the hat and has a woolly surface. Inside it is filled and structured like fibers. The flesh ( trama ) is thick, spongy, tough in the handle, initially white and discolored on contact with atmospheric oxygen, first (brownish) pink, then slate gray and black.
Microscopic features
The elliptical, dark brown to black spores measure 9–15 × 8–12 micrometers and are covered with a reticulate pattern.
Species delimitation
The surface of the hat of the hawk fungus ( Sarcodon imbricatus ) looks similar in damp weather. Strobilomyces confusus has a smaller cap with smaller and stiff scales. Its spores have irregular ridges that resemble a partial web. The hat of Strobilomyces dryophilus is colored in a matt gray-pink to pinkish light brown and produces spores with a complete network as a surface pattern.
ecology
The Strubbelkopfröhrling is a mycorrhizal fungus , which in Central Europe is mainly associated with the European beech , the spruce , and more rarely with the Scots pine , oak or silver fir . The species occurs in different types of beech forests such as orchid-beech forests, hair barley or hornbeam beech forests . Beech-fir forests, oak-hornbeams and spruce-fir forests can also be colonized, pure spruce forests are avoided. The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe from summer to late autumn.
distribution
The curly-headed boletus is found in North America, Mexico, North Africa, China, and Japan. In Europe it is absent in the extreme north, in Germany it can be found scattered everywhere with the exception of the northern flatlands.
Systematics
The common curly-headed bolete was first described by the Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1770.
Some authors see the Strubbelkopfröhrlinge in the independent family "Strobilomycetaceae", which is closely related to the Boletaceae relatives . Marcel Bon , on the other hand, counts the genus to the thick tubule relatives and assigns it to the subfamily "Strobilomycetoidae".
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b David N. Pegler: Pocket Guide to Mushrooms and Toadstools . Mitchell Beazley Publishing, London 1981, ISBN 0-85533-366-9 , pp. 94 .
- ↑ Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 100 .
- ^ Marcel Bon: The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe . Hodder and Stoughton, 1987, ISBN 978-0-340-39935-4 (352 pages).
- ^ A b Alan Bessette, William C. Roody, Arleen Rainis Bessette: North American boletes: a color guide to the fleshy pored mushrooms . Syracuse University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8156-0588-9 , pp. 225-226 ( online ).
- ^ Ross F. R. McNabb: The Strobylomycetaceae of New Zealand . In: New Zealand Journal of Botany . tape 5 , 1967, p. 532-547 , doi : 10.1080 / 0028825X.1967.10428772 .
