Marsh riding grass

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Marsh riding grass
Marsh saddle-grass (Calamagrostis canescens)

Marsh saddle-grass ( Calamagrostis canescens )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Riding grass ( Calamagrostis )
Type : Marsh riding grass
Scientific name
Calamagrostis canescens
( Weber ) Roth

The marsh riding grass ( Calamagrostis canescens ), also lanceolate riding grass or bog riding grass , is a plant species from the sweet grass family (Poaceae) also native to Central Europe .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The marsh riding grass is a perennial grass that reaches a height of 60 to 120 (up to 150) centimeters. The plant appears bright green and shiny and grows in dense, grassy stands because it forms long underground runners. The numerous impulses for renewal grow up extravaginally. The stalks stand upright and are often rough below the panicle , otherwise smooth. In strong specimens, the stalk is branched at the lower nodes . A stalk has three to five (up to six) nodes.

The leaf sheaths are smooth and glabrous. The ligule is 2 to 3 (to 5) millimeters long, glabrous, narrowed towards the top and truncated at the tip. The leaf blade becomes 40 centimeters long and 3 to 6 (to 8) millimeters wide. It is flat or rolled up. It is ribbed and white-haired at the top. This hairiness also led to the epithet canescens = becoming white-gray . The blade is rough on both sides and on the edge. The underside is shiny.

Inflorescence and flowers

Wilted stock

The inflorescence is a loose to dense panicle of (5 to) 10 to 25 centimeters high and 3 to 6 centimeters wide. During the flowering period, the panicle branches are spread out and limp, sometimes overhanging. The branches are up to 8 centimeters long and there are three to five in clusters.

A spikelet is 4.5 to 6 millimeters long, light green in color and often tinged with purple. There is no axial process above the florets. The glumes are only slightly unequal, the lower one being slightly longer than the upper one. The glumes are single-nerved, 4.5 to 6 millimeters long and lanceolate to pointed shape. At the base of the lemma there are dense hairs that protrude from the lemma with a length of 3 to 3.5 millimeters. This is five-nerved and 2 to 2.5 millimeters long, broadly lanceolate in shape and tender-skinned. Above it is briefly in two columns with rounded side lobes. The awn arises on the edge of the lemma or slightly below it. It is as long as or a maximum of 1 millimeter longer than the side lobes. The anthers are around 1.5 millimeters long, light brown and hang out of the husks during anthesis . The flowering period extends from June to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Distribution and locations

The marsh riding grass occurs in Europe as far as Turkey and Siberia and has a temperate to boreal distribution with a focus on the sub-oceanic area. The species is widespread in the east and north of Germany, otherwise rare. In Austria it occurs scattered in the Waldviertel, otherwise rarely, in the Alps and in the northern Alpine foothills it is considered to be endangered. In Liechtenstein it is missing, in Switzerland it is endangered. The species occurs up to the montane altitude level and rises in the Black Forest up to 900 m. Even in the Allgäu Alps, it does not exceed the altitude limit of 800 meters.

Swamp riding grass forming a stand on a north German Schlatt

The vigorous grass occurs in low moors, fen meadows , on banks (especially reed-rich lake shores) and in bushes (especially alder breaks) on nutrient-rich, poorly ventilated and boggy soils. It is a pronounced waterlogging indicator, as well as a penumbra, a moderately warm and moderately acid indicator. It often remains sterile in the shade.

In the plant-sociological system, the marsh riding grass is regarded as a moderately constant order character of the alder quarry forests (Alnetalia glutinosae). In the grassland it indicates former break forest locations. As forage grass it is worthless; it can only be used as emergency food when very young. However, it becomes sharp-edged early on. Occasionally it is used as litter.

Systematics

The species was first described by Carl von Linné in 1753 as Arundo calamagrostis . Other more common synonyms are Arundo canescens Web. and Calamagrostis lanceolata Roth .

There are plants whose spikelet characteristics stand between Calamagrostis canescens and Calamagrostis phragmitoides . These are called Calamagrostis × vilnensis Besser or Calamagrostis canescens subsp. vilnensis (better) Scholz . They have a process on the spikelet axis. Your awn is longer and rises below the incision.

Common names

For the marsh riding grass, the other German-language trivial names exist or existed, in some cases only regionally : Dach ( Silesia ), feather grass, reed grass, reed humpback grass (mentioned as early as 1543) and water grass.

swell

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Calamagrostis canescens. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  2. ^ Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Exkursionsflora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 161.
  5. ↑ a b Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 166 .
  6. ^ A b Ernst Klapp , Wilhelm Opitz von Boberfeld : Pocket book of grasses. Recognition and determination, location and socialization, evaluation and use . 13th revised edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2006, ISBN 3-8001-4775-0 , p. 210 .
  7. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 82, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D82%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  8. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 71, online.

Web links

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