North German Margrave War

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The North German Margrave War , also called the Sundian War , lasted from 1308 to 1317 and represented a dispute over supremacy in the southern Baltic Sea area. The Kingdom of Denmark , the north German princely houses of Mecklenburg , Pomerania and the German Order on the one hand, and the Margraviate of Brandenburg were involved the Ascanians and the Hanseatic cities of Wismar , Rostock and Stralsund on the other side.

course

After the Danish feudal sovereignty over the Duchy of Pomerania came to an end after the Battle of Bornhöved , the Margraviate Brandenburg of the Ascanians raised claims to feudal sovereignty over Pomerania and, after the death of King Przemysław II of Poland in 1296, also to Pomeranian . These claims were supported by the emperor. The result was a war between the Duke of Pomerania Bogislaw IV and the Margrave of Brandenburg.

The Danish King Erik VI. , who was keen to keep his sphere of influence in the southern Baltic Sea region, was in contradiction to the Margraves of Brandenburg, who had fought for access to the Baltic Sea in 1307 through an alliance with the local noble family of the Swenzonen . On the Danish side, the Rügische Prince Wizlaw III. drawn into the fight.

On the side of Brandenburg stood the Mecklenburg and Pomeranian Hanseatic cities , which wanted to achieve their independence from the sovereigns and the Danish king.

In 1308 the Margrave War broke out: Otto IV and his cousin and co-regent Hermann invaded Mecklenburg, occupied parts of the country and built the Eldenburg near the Lübz settlement . Waldemar , sole Margrave of Brandenburg after the deaths of Otto and Hermann in the same year, conquered Danzig in 1308 in order to reinforce his claims to pommerelles. However, this provoked a military intervention by the Teutonic Order against which it could not assert itself. In the Treaty of Soldin of 1309, the Teutonic Order acquired Waldemar's claims to Pomeranian with Danzig.

In 1310, Heinrich II of Mecklenburg moved against the Hanseatic cities of Wismar and Rostock. The trigger was Wismar's refusal to organize the wedding of Heinrich's daughter Mechthild with Duke Otto zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg in the city. Wismar submitted as early as 1311 and Heinrich II moved against Rostock. On December 15, 1312, Rostock was taken after violent resistance. Rostock arose during Heinrich's pilgrimage to Madonna della Rocca in 1313 , but was quickly taken on January 12, 1314.

The Hanseatic city of Stralsund, under the impression of the conquest of Rostock by Heinrich II, was able to buy its way out of an impending invasion of Danish, Mecklenburg and other allied troops in 1313 by paying money and renouncing privileges. The city allied itself in 1314 with Waldemar von Brandenburg. In 1316 an army under Duke Erich I of Saxony-Lauenburg besieged Stralsund. The city was able to break free and take the Duke prisoner in the event of a nightly failure. The siege fleet also suffered great losses.

In the final phase of the armed conflict came after the death of the margrave's daughter Beatrix in 1314, the inheritance dispute between the Brandenburgers and Heinrich II over the rule of Stargard .

In 1315 Heinrich II fought against Waldemar, who had invaded Stargard. Heinrich II was able to defeat Waldemar in the Battle of Gransee and, with the Peace of Templin on November 25, 1317, was finally granted the rule of Stargard, which was permanently part of Mecklenburg. In addition, the Brandenburgers had to evacuate the Eldenburg and the other occupied territories in Mecklenburg. With the death of Waldemar and his underage cousin Heinrich , the house of the Ascanians in Brandenburg went out in 1319/20 .

Results

The north German princes received their independence from Denmark. Mecklenburg finally came into the possession of the Stargard rule. Pomerania acquired the Lands Stolp , Schlawe and Rügenwalde in 1317 , thus the previous Brandenburg access to the Baltic Sea, but could not resolve the deep contrasts with the Margraviate that led to the Pomeranian-Brandenburg War in 1329 . Brandenburg was denied access to the Baltic Sea in the future (until 1648). Brandenburg, which was ruled by various dynasts for the next 100 years, nevertheless claimed feudal rule over all of Pomerania, which was met with resistance from the Pomeranian dukes. The Danish king lost his influence on the Principality of Rügen (until 1325) and the rule of Rostock (until 1312). The Hanseatic city of Stralsund received extensive privileges. The Rügen prince Wizlaw III. sold his coin to the city and pledged the princely duties and jurisdiction to it. The cities of Wismar and Rostock could no longer evade the sovereign influence. The Teutonic Order was able to win over most of Pomerania with the main festival in Danzig.

literature

  • Horst Auerbach: Stralsund fortress and naval garrison . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1999, ISBN 3-35600-835-8 .
  • Carl Gustav Fabricius (Ed.): Documents on the history of the Principality of Rügen under the native princes. Volume 3: (Second issue of the documents from 1260–1302) . Effenbart, Stettin 1851.
  • Ludwig Fromm:  Heinrich II., The lion, Prince of Mecklenburg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 541 f.
  • Thomas Gallien (Red.): Landeskundlich-Historisches Lexikon Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . = Lexicon Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Published by the Geschichtswerkstatt Rostock eV Hinstorff, Rostock 2007, ISBN 978-3-356-01092-3 .
  • Erich Hoffmann: King Erik Menved and Mecklenburg. In: Helge bei der Wieden, Tilmann Schmidt (Ed.): Mecklenburg and his neighbors. Schmidt-Römhild, Rostock 1997, ISBN 3-7950-3706-9 , pp. 43-68 ( Publications of the Historical Commission for Mecklenburg . Series B: Writings on Mecklenburg History, Culture and Regional Studies 10).
  • Franz Kuntze: Wizlaw III. The last prince of Rügen. Niemeyer, Halle an der Saale 1893.
  • Jakob Liefer : Bellum Sundense . = The Sundian War . A bilingual edition. Edited, translated and commented by Matthias Kruske. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2004, ISBN 3-412-09104-9 ( Publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania . Series 4: Sources on Pomeranian History 15).
  • Ernst Münch , Wolf Karge, Hartmut Schmied: The history of Mecklenburg. From the beginning to the present . 4th expanded edition. Hinstorff, Rostock 2004, ISBN 3-356-01039-5 .
  • Meklenburg document book . Published by the Association for Meklenburg History and Archeology. 24 volumes. Stiller, Schwerin et al. 1863–1913 (supplementary volumes 1936 and 1977).

Web links