Svetozár Hurban Vajanský

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Svetozár Hurban-Vajanský (illustration by Jan Vilímek )

Svetozár Hurban-Vajanský , actually Svetozár Miloslav Hurban (born January 16, 1847 in Hlboké , Austrian Empire , today Slovakia ; † August 17, 1916 in Martin , Austria-Hungary ) was a Slovak writer, editor, publicist and politician.

Life

Hurban was born as the eldest son of Jozef Miloslav Hurban in Hlboké near Senica . He attended high schools in Modern (1858), Teschen (1858–61), Oberschützen (1861–63) and Stendal (1863–66) and passed the Abitur at the high school of Neusohl . For personal reasons, he studied at a legal academy in Pressburg in order to avoid serving in the Hungarian state apparatus. In 1874 he passed his bar exam in Budapest . However, he was not very successful with his employment as a lawyer in Vienna , Skalica , Námestovo and Liptau-Sankt Nikolaus , and his attempt to become a professor in Bulgaria or Russia failed.

As a soldier, he participated in the Austro-Hungarian occupation of the previously Ottoman Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1878 . From the 1870s he was active as a politician for the Slovak National Party and eventually became an editor and writer. So he was from 1878-1906 editor and then until his death editor-in-chief of the newspaper Slovenské noviny (Slovak newspaper), 1881-90 editor and 1890-1916 owner of the magazine Slovenské pohľady (Slovak views) and since 1894 deputy of the women's association Živena .

He died in Martin in 1916 and is now buried in the Martin National Cemetery.

Political opinions

As a member of the Slovak National Party, he was involved in politics and was the main ideologist and leader of the Slovak national movement at the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. He promoted closer cooperation between the Slovak intelligentsia and the simple rural population, especially since the 1890s. However, these attempts were mostly unsuccessful. In addition, he was in contact with the leading figures in Czech political and cultural life and at the turn of the century he advocated closer cooperation with what he believed to be the oppressed peoples of the Kingdom of Hungary . Because of his political activities and his role in the Slovak national movement, he was arrested several times by the Hungarian authorities.

In terms of foreign policy, Hurban Vajanský was guided by the model of Slavic reciprocity under the leadership of the Russian Empire. Domestically, the later years are marked by conflicts with a faction of the Slovak National Party, the hlasisti , which practically formed an opposition to Vajanský's policy, which Vajanský saw as a threat to Slovak unity.

Literary work

During the years at the grammar school, Vajanský oriented himself not only to local literature but also to German literature, and later changed his orientation towards Russian literature. He was a performer of Slovak realism with some features of modernity . He was mainly a writer of prose, but also created poetry. He was also a literary critic and publicist.

Poetic works
  • 1878 - Jaderské listy (The Adriatic Letters)
  • 1880 - Tatry a more (The Tatras and the Sea)
  • 1884 - Spod jarma (Under the Yoke)
  • 1885 - Vilín
  • 1890 - Verše (verses, a collection)
prose
  • 1874 - Duchovia sudov. Obrázok z novejších časov (Barrel spirits. A picture from more recent times)
  • 1880 - Ľalie (lilies)
  • 1883 - Besedy a dumy (Conversations and Poems)
  • 1884 - Suchá ratolesť (A dry branch)
  • 1893 - Rozpomienky z väzenia (Memories from prison)
  • 1893 - Podivíni
  • 1893 - Pustokvet
  • 1893 - Babie leto (Indian summer)
  • 1895–96 - Koreň a výhonky (roots and saplings)
  • 1901 - Kotlín
  • 1904 - Blíženci (twins)
  • 1905 - Husľa
  • 1907 - Mier duše (Peace of Mind)
  • 1907 - Pustokvet
Travel reports
Literary criticism
  • 1956 - State o slovenskej literatúre (article on Slovak literature)
  • 1957 - State o svetovej literatúre (article on world literature)
Other
  • 1886 - Umenie a národnosť (Art and Nationality)
  • 1897 - Storočná pamiatka narodenia Štefana Moyzesa 1797–1897 (Centennial memory of the birth of Štefan Moyzes 1797–1897)
  • 1897 - Nálady a výhľady (Whims and Prospects)
  • 1900 - Politický proces 28 Slovákov a Sloveniek pre búrenie, jehož záverečné pojednávanie bolo pred kráľ. súdnou stolicou v Banskej Bystrici dňa 4th to 5th januára 1900 (Political trial against 28 Slovaks for resistance, the last hearing of which took place on 4th and 5th January 1900 in the royal county court in Neusohl)
  • 1903 - Väzeňské rozpomienky zo svojho jednoročného segedínskeho a trimesačného baňskobystrického väzenia (memories of the one-year prison in Segedin and three-month prison in Neusohl)
  • 1908 - Listy z Uhorska (letters from Hungary)

Appreciation

After Vajanský, streets in various Slovak cities and a street on the Danube bank ( Vajanského nábrežie ) in the old town of Bratislava are named.

literature

Web links

Commons : Svetozár Hurban-Vajanský  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Hurban Vajansky, Svetozar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hurban, Svetozar Miloslav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Slovak politician and writer
DATE OF BIRTH January 16, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Hlboké
DATE OF DEATH August 17, 1916
Place of death Martin