Abbas Ali's Türbe

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Türbe of al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAlī

The Türbe of Abbas Ali ( Albanian  Tyrbja e Abaz Aliut ) is a tomb on Mount Tomorr in southern Albania , which is dedicated to al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAlī . The Türbe southeast of Berat is a pilgrimage site of the Bektaschi .

Location and development

Bektaschi-Türbe on the summit

The mountain Tomorr has two main peaks: in the north the 2415  m above sea level. A. high Çuka e Partizanit or Maja e Partizanit , around eight kilometers away the southern tip at 2402  m above sea level. A. The Türbe is located on the southern tip, which drops to the north and east in steep rock faces.

An almost seven kilometer long road leads on the western flank of the mountain range along its south ridge in various bends up the mountain. The starting point is the Tekke von Kulmak , a Bektaschi monastery from 1908 on the southeast side of the mountain, which is around 100 meters above the Qafa e Kulmakut pass ( 1473  m above sea level ), which divides the Tomorr from the continuation of the mountain range in the southeast separates. The best way to get to the pass is via an unpaved road from Poliçan .

construction

The Türbe is a twelve-sided, small round building several meters in diameter. It is dominated by a green dome . Inside there is a sarcophagus . The building was constructed in 2006.

The Türbe is surrounded by a stone wall with an archway as a passage. A second archway is located below the stairs that lead up to the summit. Not far from there is an equestrian statue dedicated to Abbas Ali.

In 2008 the Türbe was declared a cultural monument.

history

According to Robert Elsie , a Türbe for Abbas Ali was built on Tomorr in 1620, which later became the pilgrimage site of the Bektaschi . Herbert Louis describes a simple system in the 1920s:

“On the south summit, the Tomorr Abbbas Ali, there is a [sic!] Curtain wall made of beautifully cut blocks with a narrow door in the SE. It is the Mekam, a sanctuary and place of pilgrimage in the whole area for Christians as well as for Mohammedans ( Ekrem Bej Vlora 1911, p. 106) "

- Herbert Louis : Albania

Place of pilgrimage

Tekke from Kulmak during the pilgrimage

The mountain Tomorr is a "mountain of gods" for the inhabitants of Central Albania, whom they worship as a god as Baba Tomorr (Father Tomorr) . Christians climb it on Assumption Day . But it is of particular importance for the Bektashi , who are widespread in the Skrapar region .

Every year from August 20th to 25th there is an annual pilgrimage of thousands of Bektashi believers to the Tekke and the Türbe. A central part of the religious pilgrimage ritual is the ritual sacrifice of a sheep and a visit to the grave of Abbas Ali. The Shiite martyr al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAlī is as venerated by the Bektashi as Mohammed .

Abbas Ali on his white horse during the Battle of Karbala, where he was killed.

There are several legends associated with Abbas Ali with the mountain. Abbas Ali was a half-brother of Husain , the grandson of the Prophet Mohammed , who both died in the Battle of Karbala . Abbas Ali came to the Balkans on a white horse to save the country from the barbarians. He only needed a few steps to cross the country - in some places supposed prints of himself and the horse have remained in the stone. He is said to have spent five days on the mountain before traveling on to Olympus . He returns from there for five days every year. According to another legend, the founder of the order Hajji Bektash is said to have observed how Christian pilgrims climbed the mountain, whereupon he traveled to Karbala in Iraq to dig up an arm bone of Abbas Ali. Back in Albania, he threw them on the mountain to make Tomorr the second tomb of Abbas Ali. The Bektashi believe that Abbas Ali's soul settled on the mountain. They also connect the mountain with the ancient oracle of Dodona , which is said to have been on a mountain called Tomaros / Tamaros .

literature

  • Nuri Çuni: Tek Abaz Aliu. Secretary i Përgjithshëm i Kryegjyshatës Botërore Bektashiane
  • Ekrem Bey Vlora : From Berat and Tomor: Diary sheets . In: To the customer of the Balkan Peninsula . Issue 13. DA Kajon, Sarajevo 1911.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Teqeja e Kulmakut. In: Vizitoni Skraparin. Retrieved January 11, 2020 (Albanian).
  2. ↑ a b c Martina Kaspar, Günther Holzmann: I beg your pardon? Where? Albania - 99 facts about a fascinating country on the move . 1st edition. Hobo-Team.de, Übersee 2019, ISBN 978-3-9819273-8-2 , Der Heilige Berg Tomorr, p. 189 f .
  3. ↑ a b Map - IMK WebGIS. In: Instituti i Monumenteve të Kulturës. Retrieved January 11, 2020 (Albanian).
  4. ↑ a b c Ferdinand Samarxhi: Dodona Pellazgjike, Tomorri, Tempulli mitik më i lashtë në botë, Kryemal i historisë së gjenzës shqiptare. In: Gazeta Shqiptare Online. August 22, 2018, accessed January 11, 2020 (Albanian).
  5. ↑ LISTA E MONUMENTEVE: RRETHI I BERATIT. (PDF) Instituti i Monumenteve të Kulturës - Ministria e Kulturës, accessed on October 10, 2017 (Albanian).
  6. ↑ a b c d Robert Elsie: A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology and folk culture . C. Hurst, London 2001, ISBN 1-85065-570-7 , Abbas Ali, pp. 3 f .
  7. ^ Herbert Louis: Albania. A knowledge of the country mainly because of my own travels . Published by J. Engelhorn's successors in Stuttgart, Berlin 1927.
  8. ^ Robert Elsie: A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture . Hurst & Company, London 2001, ISBN 1-85065-570-7 , Tomor, Mount, pp. 252-254 .
  9. ^ Genc Myftiu: Religious Creeds . In: Genc Myftiu (ed.): Albania - a Patrimony of European Values: Guide of Albanian History and Cultural Heritage . Sustainable Economic Development Agency, Tirana 2000, p. 70 .
  10. ^ A b The Tomorr Mountain and the footpring of Abbas Ali. In: Kryegjyshata Botërore Bektashiane. Retrieved January 11, 2020 .