Turkish dragon head
| Turkish dragon head | ||||||||||||
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Turkish dragon head |
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| Dracocephalum moldavica | ||||||||||||
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The Turkish scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum moldavica ), also Moldavian lemon balm or Moldavian scorpionfish is a species of scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum ) in the mint family (Lamiaceae).
description
The Turkish scorpionfish is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 22 and 40 centimeters. It forms several upright, branched stems that are purple in color and covered with tiny downward-pointing hairs. The leaves sit mainly on the upper part of the stem on stems that are about as long as the blades. The leaf shape is oval to wedge-shaped, more heart-shaped at the base and sometimes serrated here, slightly furrowed on the edge and with a rounded tip. The upper leaf blades are rather lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. The leaves are 1.4 to 4.0 inches long and 0.4 to 1.2 inches wide. They are yellowish glandular with only a few vascular bundles, which are covered with small hairs.
The inflorescences are Scheinquirle (zymös) from four flowers, which sit loosely on the five to twelve upper nodes of the stem and the branches. The bracts are elongated, but slightly shorter than the calyx . Their edge is covered with 2.5 to 3.5 millimeter long thorns and thinly haired. The flower stalk is 3 to 5 millimeters long and is horizontal after the blossom ( anthesis ) has unfolded . The calyx is 8 to 10 millimeters long and has a golden gland. It is particularly hairy at the base. The vascular bundles are purple. The lip flowers consist of two lips. The upper lip is unevenly toothed, with a sharp point. The crown is bluish purple and 1.5 to 2.5 cm in size, white glandular on the outside. The center of the lower lip is often darkly spotted.
After flowering, so-called Klausen form as fruits, they are about 2.5 millimeters long and have a cut smooth tip.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10.
distribution
In addition to Europe , the species is also distributed in large parts of Asia , including Russia , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , India and the People's Republic of China . The distribution area extends from Iran to Russia's Far East. She loves dry hills, stony river banks and valleys at altitudes between 200 and 2700 meters.
The European occurrences are mainly concentrated in Northern Europe and Eastern Europe and come from naturalizations .
In Austria the species rarely occurs in the wild in Burgenland , Styria and Vorarlberg . Earlier populations in South Tyrol are considered extinct.
Systematics
Dracocephalum moldavica was published by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum in 1753 . Synonyms for Dracocephalum moldavica are Dracocephalum fragrans Salisb. , Nepeta moldavica (L.) Baill. , Moldavica moldavica (L.) Britton , Ruyschiana moldavica (L.) House , Moldavica suaveolens Gilib. , Moldavica punctata Moench and Moldavica setosa Stokes .
use
Shoot tips and leaves are harvested from the herb at the time of full bloom. This is when the essential oil content is highest. The herb is dried and can be used as a drug ( Dracocephali herba ) or flavoring. The two varieties 'Arat' and 'Aratora', which were mainly cultivated in the GDR, exist for cultivation.
The essential oil has a supportive effect on digestive problems and has a weak antispasmodic effect on the stomach and intestines, which is why it is used in stomach, bile and liver teas. It sits down u. a. composed of citral (30%), geranyl acetate (45%), geraniol (11%), nerylacetate (3%) and citral B (0.4%). In the food industry, it is used as a flavoring for teas, soft drinks and spirits.
The Turkish dragon head is also an extremely good pasture for bees . Each flower produces nectar with a sugar content of 0.1 to 0.8 mg within 24 hours. With a maximum possible honey yield per flowering season of 650 kg per hectare of cultivation area, the dragon's head clearly outperforms well-known, good forage plants such as phacelia or rapeseed .
Common names
For the Turkish dragon head the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : Turkish Boalsen ( Transylvania ), foreign balm and Turkish balm.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 792 .
- ↑ a b c Xi-wen Li & Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 128 (English). Dracocephalum moldavica Online (section description - same text as printed work)
- ↑ Dracocephalum moldavica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dracocephalum moldavica. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 16, 2018.
- ^ VH Heywood: Labiatae In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 161 (English, limited preview in the Google book search - Dracocephalum moldavica , from the unchanged reprint from 2010 ( ISBN 978-0-521-15368-3 )).
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 2 . Stockholm 1753, p. 595 ( First online publication of Dracocephalum moldavica scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
- ↑ a b Medicinal Plants Online. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved on June 29, 2011 (search query for Dracocephalum moldavica ). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Josef Lipp et al .: Handbook of Apiculture - The Honey . 3., rework. Edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-7417-0 , p. 38 .
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 137. ( online ).
