Temazepam

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Temazepam
other names	( RS ) -7-Chloro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Molecular formula	C 16 H 13 ClN 2 O 2
Brief description	white to almost white, crystalline powder
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 846-50-4 EC number 212-688-1 ECHA InfoCard 100,011,535 PubChem 5391 ChemSpider 5198 DrugBank DB00231 Wikidata Q414796
Drug information
ATC code	N05 CD07
Drug class	Benzodiazepine , sedative , hypnotic , anxiolytic
properties
Molar mass	300.74 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	119-121 ° C
pK s value	1.6
solubility	practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in chloroform and dichloromethane , slightly soluble in ethanol
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 302 P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	370 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  mouse ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Temazepam is a benzodiazepine and is mainly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). When taken orally through the mucous membrane, it develops sedative (sleep-promoting), muscle-relaxing (relaxing) and anxiolytic (anxiolytic) effects within a short time (5–15 minutes). It is a medium-acting drug with a half-life of 5 to 13 hours. In the clinical area, it has established itself as a standard drug in doses of 10 to 20 mg for the treatment of acute psychological and physical stress and pain-related problems falling asleep. As is usual with all benzodiazepines, prolonged use (> 2 weeks), especially when stopped abruptly, can lead to withdrawal symptoms (insomnia, restlessness, concentration disorders, personality changes). It should therefore only be used as a short-term acute medication for the treatment of personal or health-related exceptional situations.

history

Since its discovery by Hans Franz, Temazepam has been produced as a gel-filled capsule that should be taken orally. However, in the UK, and especially Scotland, it became known that when the capsules were melted and injected, the effect was much stronger and more similar to that of alcohol. However, the fluid has a tendency to solidify in the vessels and thus cause arterial thrombosis , which is why temazepam is now only prescribed and administered as an oral drug.

Legal status in Germany

Temazepam is a marketable and prescription narcotic drug in the Federal Republic of Germany due to its listing in Appendix 3 BtMG. Handling without permission or prescription is generally punishable. Further information can be found in the main article Narcotics Law in Germany .

This does not include preparations that do not contain any other narcotic drugs and which contain up to 20 mg temazepam per divided form.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Temazepam should not be used during pregnancy. Hypothermia, hypotension, and moderate respiratory depression may occur with the administration of temazepam during late pregnancy or during delivery in the newborn. In addition, newborns born to mothers who regularly took benzodiazepines in the last trimester of pregnancy could be addicted, with the risk of developing withdrawal symptoms in the postnatal period. Animal studies suggest that temazepam increases infant mortality.

Isomerism

Temazepam contains a stereocenter . Thus there are two enantiomers of this drug, the ( R ) and the ( S ) isomer. As a rule, the enantiomers have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties, but this is not relevant for temazepam because racemization occurs very quickly in aqueous solution , so the use of a pure enantiomer is not possible at all.

See also

• Benzodiazepine abuse

Trade names

Monopreparations Normison (CH), Planum (D), Remestan (D), Temazep (D), various generics

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Entry on Temazepam. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 10, 2014.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Temazepam data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on October 23, 2016 ( PDF ).
3. ↑ Specialist information from the Swiss Medicines Compendium: Normison® / - mite, information as of August 2005.
4. ↑ Miklós Simonyi, Joseph Gal, Bernhard Testa: Sings: The Code of Clarification. In: Miklós Simonyi (Ed.): Problems and Wonders of Chiral Molecules. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1990, ISBN 963-05-5881-5 , pp. 127-136.

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !