Thallium (III) chloride

Crystal structure
	__ Tl 3+ __ Cl -
General
Surname	Thallium (III) chloride
other names	Thallium trichloride
Ratio formula	TlCl 3
Brief description	colorless solid (tetrahydrate)
External identifiers / databases
EC number	236-625-2
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.282
PubChem	25263529
Wikidata	Q4498239
properties
Molar mass	310.74 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.7 g cm −3 ; 3.0 g cm −3 (tetrahydrate);
Melting point	155 ° C (decomposition); 43 ° C (decomposition tetrahydrate);
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 300-330-373-411
	P: 260-264-273-284-301 + 310-310
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Thallium (III) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound of thallium from the group of chlorides .

Extraction and presentation

Thallium (III) chloride tetrahydrate can be obtained by reacting thallium (I) chloride with chlorine and water.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {TlCl + Cl_ {2} +4 \ H_ {2} O \ longrightarrow TlCl_ {3} \ cdot 4 \ H_ {2} O}}

The hydrate can only be dehydrated with difficulty without decomposition to thallium (I) chloride occurring. It succeeds with thionyl chloride or phosgene in the presence of about chlorine at room temperature.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {TlCl_ {3} \ cdot 4 \ H_ {2} O + 4 \ SOCl_ {2} \ longrightarrow TlCl_ {3} +4 \ SO_ {2} +8 \ HCl}}

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {TlCl_ {3} \ cdot 4 \ H_ {2} O + 4 \ COCl_ {2} \ longrightarrow TlCl_ {3} +4 \ CO_ {2} +8 \ HCl}}

The compound can be obtained directly by reacting thallium with nitrosyl chloride , with the formation of a complex compound TlCl ₃ · NOCl, which loses the nitrosyl chloride at low pressure.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {3 \ NOCl + Tl \ longrightarrow TlCl_ {3} +3 \ NO}}

properties

Thallium (III) chloride is a very hygroscopic solid that is very easily soluble in water, ethanol and ether. A sintering process begins at around 140 ° C and decomposition begins at 155 ° C, releasing chlorine . It has a monoclinic crystal structure isotype to that of aluminum (III) chloride (a = 654 pm, b = 1133 pm, c = 632 pm, β = 110 ° 12 ').

The tetrahydrate is a colorless solid, the crystals of which dissolve in moist air . Its solution reacts strongly acidic as a result of hydrolysis , when strongly diluted brown thallium (III) oxide hydrate precipitates. The compound is also easily soluble in ethyl alcohol and ether.

use

Solutions of thallium (III) chloride are strong oxidizing agents and are used as such in organic chemistry and organometallic chemistry.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d data sheet Thallium (III) chloride tetrahydrate, 98% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 29, 2014 ( PDF ).
^ ^A ^b William M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition . CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 1-4398-8049-2 , pp. 4–94 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 877.
^ AJ Downs: Chemistry of Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium . Springer, 1993, ISBN 0-7514-0103-X , p. 137 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Sigma-1] ta sheet Thallium (III) chloride tetrahydrate, 98% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 29, 2014 ( PDF ).

[William_M._Haynes-2] A ^b William M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition . CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 1-4398-8049-2 , pp. 4–94 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[brauer-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 877.

[A.J._Downs-4] AJ Downs: Chemistry of Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium . Springer, 1993, ISBN 0-7514-0103-X , p. 137 ( limited preview in Google Book search).