Thermosbaenacea

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Thermosbaenacea
Tethysbaena ophelicola

Tethysbaena ophelicola

Systematics
Trunk : Arthropod (arthropoda)
Sub-stem : Crustaceans (Crustacea)
Class : Higher crabs (Malacostraca)
Subclass : Eumalacostraca
Superordinate : Satchel Shrimp (Peracarida)
Order : Thermosbaenacea
Scientific name
Thermosbaenacea
Monod , 1927
Scanning electron microscopy of the Pleotelon ( pt ) of Thermosbaena mirabilis . a = anus; u = uropod; pl 5 = 5th segment of the pleon (pleopods only sit on the 1st and 2nd segment)

The Thermosbaenacea are an order of the higher crustaceans . In systematic compilations, they are often included in the category of satchel shrimp . Because of their special physique and brood care in a brood chamber formed by the female carapace , they are often compared to the satchel crabs (Peracarida) as the superordinate Pancarida .

features

The types of Thermosbaenacea are up to 4 millimeters long. Your body is elongated and segmented relatively uniformly. The carapace is fused with the first segment of the thorax and covers two further thoracic segments to the rear. The carapace, which is additionally enlarged in females, forms a brood space in which the embryos develop. The striding legs are two-branched. The very short pleopods , which are only developed on the first two segments of the pleon , are only one-branched. On the Telson are the paired or Pleotelson uropods .

The eyes are reduced or absent. They could have regressed in the course of evolution because of the way most species live in lightless cave systems .

Occurrence

The first species of Thermosbaenacea described by Théodore Monod in 1924 was Thermosbaena mirabilis . It was discovered in a thermal spring in Tunisia , which was already known in Roman times , and can also be found there in the supply lines for the thermal bath and in the 48 ° C hot groundwater. Thermosbaena mirabilis hardly survives water temperatures below 30 ° C.

Other species were then found in Italian caves and assigned to the genera Monodella and Tethysbaena . In the meantime, locations of these crustaceans are known from all over the world, from the Caribbean islands as well as from Central and North America , Southeast Europe , Israel , North Africa and Southeast Asia and Australia . The biogeographical distribution of the Thermosbaenacea has given rise to speculation, especially since the species often live in caves that appear to be closed off from the outside.

The food chain in these lightless caves could be based on the chemoautotrophic metabolism of sulfur bacteria , which can gain energy in the hot water containing hydrogen sulphide by oxidizing the sulphurous substances to sulphates .

Familys

The Thermosbaenacea are relatively poor in species, they are currently divided into four families with seven genera. Families, genera and species:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franziska Knopf, Stefan Koenemann, Frederick R. Schram, Carsten Wolff: The urosome of the Pan and Peracarida. Contribution to Zoology, 75, 1-2, pp. 1-21, 2006
  2. ↑ Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis: An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Scientific Series, 39, 2001, p. 33 PDF
  3. ↑ Wilfried Westheide and Reinhard Rieger (eds.): Special Zoology. Part 1: Protozoa and invertebrates. 2nd edition, Elsevier, Spektrum Verlag, 2006
  4. ↑ a b Keyword Thermosbaenacea in Encyclopaedia Britannica online, accessed on March 31, 2014
  5. ↑ Keyword: Thermosbaenacea . In: Lexikon der Biologie , Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, 1999
  6. ^ Gary CB Poore & WF Humphreys: First record of Thermosbaenacea (Crustacea) from the Southern Hemisphere: a new species from a cave in tropical Western Australia . Invertebrate Taxonomy, 6, 3, pp. 719-725, 1992 full text
  7. ↑ Ştefan Negrea: A remarkable finding that suggests the existence of a new groundwater biome based on chemoautotrophic resources, named "Ophel" by FD Por . In: Travaux de l'Institut de Spéologie Émile Racovitza , Volume 48, 2009, pp. 83–91, ISSN  0301-9187 , Online PDF, 400 kBhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.speotravaux.iser.ro%2F09%2Fart07.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten% 3D ~ LT% 3DOnline% 20PDF% 2C% 20400% 26nbsp% 3BkB ~ PUR% 3D (accessed March 31, 2014).
  8. ^ WoRMS: Thermosbaenacea Monod, 1927 . In: Gary CB Poore: Thermosbaenacea . World Register of Marine Species, 2013, accessed March 31, 2014
  9. ↑ Theodore Monod & Phillipe Cals: Systématique et evolution of Thermosbénacés (arthropod Crustacés), d'après l'ordonnance of structures épidermiques superficielles. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, series 3, 306 pp. 99-108, 1988
  10. ↑ E. Taramelli: La posizione dei Sistematica Thermosbenacei quale risulta dallo studio ANATOMICO di Mono Della argentarii Stella. Monit. zool. Ital., 62, 1, pp. 9-27, 1954
  11. ^ HP Wagner: A monographic review of the Thermosbaenacea. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 291, pp. 1-338, 1994

literature

  • Théodore Monod: Sur un type nouveau de Malacostracé: Thermosbaena mirabilis nov. gen. nov. sp. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 49, pp. 58–68, 1924 (first description of the type specimen)
  • Théodore Monod: Thermosbaena mirabilis Monod, remarques sur la morphologie et sa position systématique. Faune Colonies franç., 1, 2, pp. 29–49, 1927 (first description of the order)
  • Théodore Monod & Phillipe Cals: Systématique et évolution des Thermosbénacés (Arthropodes, Crustacés), d'aprés l'ordonnance des structures épidermiques superficielles. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, series 3, 306, pp. 99-108, 1988
  • Ph. Cals & Théodore Monod: Evolution et biogeógraphie des Crustacés Thermosbénacés. Comptes Renus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, series 3, 307, pp. 341-348, 1988
  • Théodore Monod & Ph. Cals: Ordre des Thermosbaenacés (Thermosbaenacea Monod, 1927). In: J. Forest (ed.): Traité de Zoologie. Anatomy, systématique, biology. Tome VII, Fascicule III A. Crustacés Péracarides. Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique Fondation Albert Ier, Prince de Monaco, 19, 11–34, 1999
  • HP Wagner: A monographic review of the Thermosbaenacea. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 291, pp. 1-338, 1994
  • E. Taramelli: La posizione sistemática dei Thermosbenacei quale risulta dallo studio anatómico di Monodella argentarii Stella. Monit. zool. Ital., 62, 1, pp. 9-27, 1954

Web links

Commons : Thermosbaenacea  - collection of images, videos and audio files