Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

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Coat of arms of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk KG , (* 1443 in Stoke-by-Nayland , Suffolk ; † May 21, 1524 at Framlingham Castle) was an English general and courtier .

Life

Thomas Howard was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk , and his first wife Katharine Moleyns (1424-1465). After his father was named Duke in 1483, Thomas led his subordinate title Earl of Surrey as a courtesy title . Thomas Howard also fought for King Richard III. and the House of York side by side with his father in the Wars of the Roses . In the decisive Battle of Bosworth Field on August 22, 1485, in which his father fell, Thomas was wounded and captured by the opposing House of Lancaster under the command of Henry Tudor . This started now after King Richard III. died in battle as the new King of England. Since Thomas Howard had fought for the losers, he lost his offices, titles and honors. He remained in captivity until 1489. After his release he at least got his earliest title back.

It was time for Thomas Howard to restore himself at court in order to regain the influence of his family and, above all, the title of Duke. He managed to slowly regain the trust of the king, so that in 1501 he was appointed Lord High Treasurer and was given command of the troops defending the Scottish border. Soon Norfolk, as he continued to be called despite the lost title, was the Supreme General of England and was therefore appointed Earl Marshal in 1509 .

At the Battle of Flodden Field , he lived up to expectations by defeating the Scots once and for all. On September 9, 1513, 30,000 English and 30,000 Scots faced each other. The Scots were supported by France and led by James IV. The English were led by Howard. Howard ultimately won an undisputed victory; around 10,000 Scots fell, but only 4,000 English. The most prominent death was King James IV of Scotland.

A year after the victorious battle, Howard was fully recognized again and therefore received back the title of Duke of Norfolk thanks to his services for the king . He was from now on Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. The king's confidence in the courtier, which had been strengthened again, was also evident when Henry VIII had to travel to France in 1520 to meet King Francis I. Heinrich transferred the reign of England to Howard for the time of his absence. In 1521 Howard was to take over the presidency of the treason trial, which he did, although he had to sentence his friend Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham , to death there.

The eighty-year-old retired in 1523 and died the following year.

coat of arms

Coat of arms improvement

To the merits of Thomas Howard as a commander in the victorious Battle of Flodden appreciate Field, added Henry VIII. As Augmentation Of Honor ( Augmentation of honor ) a modified Royal Scottish Coat of Arms ( "Lion rampant" ) with the lion rampant the existing added. The coat of arms shows the upper body of the lion, which an arrow was shot through the open mouth.

Marriages and offspring

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, was married twice. His first wife Elizabeth († 1497), daughter of Sir Frederick Tilney and widow of Humphrey Bourchier , he married in 1472. With her he had the following children:

His second marriage was in 1497 with Agnes Tilney († 1545), daughter of Hugh Tilney. He had the following children with her:

  1. ⚭ Rhys ap Griffith FitzUryan
  2. ⚭ Henry Daubeney, 1st Earl of Bridgewater

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 452
  2. ^ Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 103
  3. ^ Royle, Trevor: The Wars of the Roses; England's first civil war. Abacus, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-349-11790-4 , p. 422
  4. ↑ List of the Earl Marshal at www.tudorplace.com.ar (English)
  5. ^ Royle, Trevor: The Wars of the Roses; England's first civil war. Abacus, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-349-11790-4 , p. 430.
  6. ^ Mitchison, Rosalind: A history of Scotland. Routledge, London, 1997, p. 86
  7. ^ Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 440

Web links

predecessor Office successor
New title created Earl of Surrey
1483-1524 		Thomas Howard
Henry Tudor Earl Marshal
1509-1524 		Thomas Howard
John Howard Duke of Norfolk
1514-1524 		Thomas Howard
personal data
SURNAME Howard, Thomas, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Howard, Thomas; Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English general
DATE OF BIRTH 1443
PLACE OF BIRTH Stoke Neyland
DATE OF DEATH May 21, 1524
Place of death Framlingham Castle