Thunbergia

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Thunbergia
Large-flowered Thunbergia (Thunbergia grandiflora)

Large-flowered Thunbergia ( Thunbergia grandiflora )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Acanthus family (Acanthaceae)
Subfamily : Thunbergioideae
Genre : Thunbergia
Scientific name
Thunbergia
Retz.

The Thunbergia ( Thunbergia ), sometimes sky Flowers called, are a genus within the family of the Acanthaceae (Acanthaceae). The 90 to 300 paleotropic species are distributed from tropical to subtropical areas in Africa , Madagascar , Asia and Australia . Some species and their varieties are ornamental plants for parks, gardens and conservatories. Some species, such as Thunbergia grandiflora , tend to grow wild and thus appear as invasive plants in many tropical countries .

description

Illustration of Thunbergia grandiflora
Black-eyed Susan flower ( Thunbergia alata ) and the two hairy, green bracts from behind
Black-eyed Susan ( Thunbergia alata ): Flower and wrapper cut open: From right to left: wrapper, yellowish-green calyx (not cut from the outside), curved corolla tube, stamens and two-lobed style, orange corolla lobes

Appearance and leaves

Thunbergia species grow as climbing, perennial herbaceous plants (the black-eyed Susanne ( Thunbergia alata ) is often cultivated as an annual plant ), but rarely are upright shrubs . The counterclockwise winding stems are square to cylindrical. The oppositely arranged, stalked leaves are usually simple. The leaf margins are smooth. Stipules are missing.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers stand individually or in pairs in terminal or lateral racemose or zymous inflorescences and are of various shapes. There are no bracts . There are usually two upright bracts per flower , which can be fused together. The often large, hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold and more or less strongly zygomorphic . The mostly five (rarely 8 to 20) sepals are the same to very different lengths and only at their base or completely fused together; the calyx can be reduced to a ring. The five petals are tubular to funnel-shaped fused with five unequal corolla lobes. The color of the petals is yellow to orange, or white to blue. There are four fertile stamens that are free or fused together. There is a discus. Two carpels with two ovules per ovary chamber to a top permanent ovary grown. The stylus ends in a simple cup-shaped or bilobed scar. Pollination occurs by insects ( entomophilia ).

Fruits and seeds

Usually two to four hemispherical to egg-shaped seeds ripen in two-pod capsule fruits . In some species the seeds have an aril . The unit of dissemination ( diaspore ) is the seed.

Upright Thunbergia ( Thunbergia erecta )
Thunbergia fragrans
Thunbergia ikbaliana
Thunbergia laurifolia
Thunbergia mysorensis

Distribution and systematics

The Thunbergia species are distributed from tropical to subtropical regions in Africa, Madagascar, Asia and Australia.

The genus Thunbergia belongs to the subfamily Thunbergioideae within the family of the Acanthaceae . It used to be placed in a separate family Thunbergiaceae.

The genus Thunbergia was established in 1776 by Anders Jahan Retzius Physiographiska Sälskapets Handlingar , 1, 3, p. 163. Type species is Thunbergia capensis Retz. Thunbergia Retz. nom. cons. became according to the rules of the ICN against the older homonym Thunbergia Montin nom. rej. preserved (Melbourne ICN Art. 14.10 & App. III, Art. 53). Synonyms for Thunbergia Retz. are: Flemingia Roxb. ex Rottler , Hexacentris Nees . The generic name Thunbergia honors the Swedish botanist and plant collector Carl Peter Thunberg (1743 - 1828).

There are around 90 to 300 species in the genus Thunbergia (selection):

No longer belong to the genus:

photos

More pictures:

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Thunbergia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ^ Thunbergia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved April 18, 2014.
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  4. ↑ a b c Jia-qi Hu & Thomas F. Daniel: Thunbergia Retzius. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 19: Acanthaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010

Web links

Commons : Thunbergien ( Thunbergia )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files