Peat moss milkling
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The peat moss milkling ( Lactarius sphagneti ) |
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| ( Fr. ) Neuhoff |
The peat moss milkling ( Lactarius sphagneti ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized milkling with a dark brick-colored to orange-brown hat and a paler, more or less grooved brim. The lamellas are pale ocher to ocher yellow. The fungus usually grows in boggy locations near spruce in the middle of peat moss cushions. The fruiting bodies of the inedible Milchling appear from August to early November.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–5 cm wide, arched flat when young, then spread out or more or less depressed. It can sometimes be slightly hunched. The edge of the hat is long curved and more or less grooved with age. The greasy surface is smooth to slightly bumpy. It is dry or has a slightly greasy shine. The hat is deep red to orange-brown in color, darker in the center and more red-brown, while the edge zone is usually noticeably lighter in color, often yellow-brown to gray-pink.
The rather wide lamellae are more or less broadly attached to the stem. They are soft and rather crowded, only a few are forked. The young lamellas are cream-colored and slightly reddish in color, later they are colored ocher-yellow to reddish-ocher. The spore powder is pale cream in color.
The cylindrical to clubbed and sometimes somewhat compressed stalk is 3–7 cm long and 0.5–1 cm thick. The surface is smooth to slightly reticulate-veined and reddish to orange-brown in color. Towards the tip of the handle the color becomes lighter, more gray-pink to beige. The inside of the stem is hollow with age.
The pink-ocher to light-colored meat tastes mild. It smells similar to the oak milkling , but weaker. The white to watery-white milk is quite plentiful and at first unchangeable. After 2-3 hours, however, it usually turns slightly yellow on a white cloth. It also tastes mild at first, but after a while it is slightly spicy.
Microscopic features
The almost round to elliptical spores are on average 7.1–8.3 µm long and 5.8–6.9 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.0–1.4. The spore ornament becomes 0.8–1.3 (1.5) µm high and is very amyloid . It consists of ribs and more or less elongated warts that are almost completely connected in a network. Isolated warts are sparse to fairly common. The hillock is usually inamyloid .
The club-like, 4-spore basidia are 30–55 µm long and 8–12 µm wide. The scattered to quite numerous pleuromacrocystids measure 40–80 × 6–9 µm. They are more or less cylindrical to narrow spindle-shaped or awl-shaped. Its top is quite pointed. The lamellar edges are more or less sterile, on them one usually finds numerous, more or less cylindrical to awl-shaped cheilomacrocystidia that are 25–35 µm long and 4–6.5 µm wide. They typically taper towards the top.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is an ixooedotrichoderm composed of irregularly intertwined hyphae 3-15 µm wide . The more or less cylindrical hyphae ends are (20) 25–80 µm long and 3–5.5 µm wide. They form a cutis-like layer over the subpellis . The hyphae in the subpellis are approx. 8–12 µm wide and inflated.
Species delimitation
The peat moss milkling can be confused with a number of species, particularly easily with the brown-red milkling ( L. badiosanguineus ) and the fluttering milkling ( L. tabidus ), both of which can be found in comparable locations. In the field, you can recognize the peat moss milkling by its somewhat two-tone hat, which has a dark center and a much paler rim, and its very pale lamellas. Under the microscope the strongly amyloid, net-like ornamented spores and the very long hphen ends are particularly noticeable.
The brown-red milkling has a single-colored, red-brown hat without a lighter edge zone, as well as spores whose ornament consists of ribs arranged in strips, which are only partially connected in a network. The Flatter-Milchling has a yellowish, slightly bitter milk.
The red-brown milkling ( L rufus ) is also very similar , but mostly occurs in drier locations. He has milk that is white, fiery hot and unchangeable.
ecology
The peat moss milkling is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various conifers. Its most important host is the spruce, more rarely it also enters into a symbiotic partnership with pines. As a typical raised bog, the Milchling prefers moist to waterlogging, acidic and nutrient-poor locations. It is therefore often found in raised bogs, but also in waterlogged spruce-fir, spruce-birch and bog-spruce forests.
The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious from August to the beginning of November, usually in the middle of thick peat moss cushions but also between other mosses.
distribution
The European species is found predominantly in north-west (Scotland, Iceland), north and north-east Europe. It is rather rare in Central Europe, while the Milchling can be found quite frequently in Fennoscandinavia, at least locally.
In Germany, the Milchling has been detected in several federal states, but the species is declining everywhere, which is why it is on the German Red List as a critically endangered species (RL2) . The peat moss milkling is not common in Switzerland either.
Systematics
The peat moss milkling was first described in 1855 by Lindblad in his Milchlings monograph as Lactarius subdulcis var. Sphagneti . In 1956 W. Neuhoff raised the variety as L. sphagneti to the species. Lactarius subdulcis var. Badius Gillet (1876) is now regarded as a taxonomic synonym .
Inquiry systematics
At Basso and Heilmann-Clausen the peat moss milkling is in the Russulares section , the Basso is further subdivided into the Russulares subsection , in which the peatmoss milkling is located, and the Lacunari subsection . The representatives of the subsection Russulares have a white, more or less unchangeable milk and an ocher-yellow to red- or purple-brown colored hat. At Bon, the Milchling is in the Tabidi section . The representatives of the Tabidi section have smooth, somehow brown hats and a more or less yellowing milk.
meaning
The Milchling is not an edible mushroom
literature
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 92 .
- ↑ a b c Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 186 .
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 108.
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 424.
- ^ Observado.org - Lactarius sphagneti. Retrieved October 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online (PDF; 592 kB)).
- ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Lactarius sphagneti. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved October 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius sphagneti . In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org . Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 14, 2011: "Sweden?"
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
- ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius sphagneti. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 4, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Lactarius sphagneti in the PILZOEK database . In: pilzoek.de . Retrieved September 15, 2011.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Lactarius sphagneti. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 25, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Matts Adolf Lindblad: Monographia Lactariorum Sueciae . Uppsala 1855, p. 30 ( Google Books ).
- ^ Claude-Casimir Gillet: Les hyménomycètes ou Description de tous les champignons (fungi) qui croissent en France . avec l'indication de leurs propriétés utiles ou vénéneuses. 1874, p. 224 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
- ^ Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 494, 506 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius sphagneti. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius sphagneti. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, photos and brief description).
- Peat moss milkling (Lactarius sphagneti). In: pilzseite.de. Retrieved on March 2, 2012 (good photos of the peat moss milkling).