Tormersdorf
Tormersdorf (Polish: Prędocice ) is a desert in the north of the urban and rural community Pieńsk (German Penzig ) in the district of Zgorzelec in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . It is located on the right bank of the Lusatian Neisse, directly opposite the city of Rothenburg / OL
.jpg)
The village, which was destroyed in 1945, remained in historical awareness mainly due to the Jewish ghetto that was set up in 1941 on the Tormersdorf site of the Rothenburg Martinshof and in which over 700 Jews lived at times.
history
General story
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1840 | 431 |
| 1910 | 563 |
| 1919 | 474 |
| 1933 | 676 |
| 1939 | 696 |
The first documented mention of the place dates back to the year 1390, when a "Hannus de Tormasdorf" is mentioned in the Görlitz Liber actorum 1389-1413. 1392 appears in the same source "Conrad de Tormersdorf". In 1403 Hans von Cottewitz bought the interest for the Spree , Bremenhain , Noes , "Tolmisdorff", Neundorf , Geheege and Uhsmannsdorf from the Rothenburg rule . Another documented mention of Tormersdorf was in 1410 in a Görlitz council bill with the comment that the town council had three loads of hay fetched from the village.
The estate belonged to the Rothenburg rule, since 1452 this was the von Nostiz family . By dividing the estate in 1512, the estate became an independent knight's seat, which from 1686 was again in permanent possession of the Rothenburg landlords.
Through the Peace of Prague of 1635 , Kursachsen got the margraviate of Upper and Lower Lusatia from the Kingdom of Bohemia , so Tormersdorf was henceforth part of the Electorate.
After the Wars of Liberation , the Kingdom of Saxony , which fought on the French side, had to cede all of Lower Lusatia and the north-eastern part of Upper Lusatia to Prussia in 1815. In the subsequent administrative reform, Tormersdorf was assigned to the newly formed district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) In 1816.
An earthenware factory was built in 1840. The remains of an old castle are said to have stood in the same place in the 16th century. In 1859 a school was built in Tormersdorf. Until then, the children had been sent to school in the neighboring town of Rothenburg, where the parish had been parish for as long as it existed.
In February 1874, when the districts were formed , Tormersdorf was incorporated into the district of Uhsmannsdorf, in which the rural communities Geheege, Nieder-Neundorf, Noes and Uhsmannsdorf and the manor districts of the same name and the manor district of Rothenburg were administered. By 1928 the Tormersdorf manor district and part of the Lodenau manor district were incorporated into the Tormersdorf community.
The Rothenburg Brothers House "Zoar", founded in 1898, had also acquired land in Tormersdorf when it bought land since 1904. In the institution, among other things, religious community helpers and nurses were trained and the elderly, the sick and people with mental disabilities were cared for. Retired deacons in Tormersdorf were able to spend their retirement years in a farmhouse acquired in 1925. In 1941, "Zoar" was renamed under pressure from the National Socialists. The new name "Martinshof" is reminiscent of the founding family von Martin, who built and financed an infirmary in Rothenburg as early as 1885 .
Wars and forces of nature
Wars and the forces of nature have had a destructive effect over the centuries. The manor burned down in 1518, and Rothenburg was also affected by flying fire that year. Life-threatening floods of the Neisse occurred in 1904 and in August 1938.
Troop movements and billeting left a burden of 3475 thalers behind in 1813 as part of the wars of liberation. After the Battle of Bautzen, Russian troops set up camps near Rothenburg and Tormersdorf and plundered the village. A battle broke out on May 24th between the Russians and three advancing regiments of French cavalry. As they withdrew, Russians tried to set the thatched roofs on fire with pistol shots. The dead of this fight, five Cossacks and four French, were buried east of the village. The grave site was tended to by school children every year.
In 1941 the grounds of the Martinshof in Tormersdorf were converted into a living and work camp for Jews who were expelled from their homes. The previous residents, mostly mentally ill, were on 17./19. June 1941 to the Pirna-Sonnenstein Clinic and victim of the euthanasia program there . Up to their deportation to the National Socialist extermination camps Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1943, over 700 Jews from the Görlitz and Breslau area lived here and had to work as forced laborers in companies in the area.
Towards the end of the Second World War, Tormersdorf was destroyed. 100 residents of the nursing home arrived in Adlkofen and Deutenkofen in Bavaria after their escape in February 1945 , 67 of them found their final resting place in Adlkofen, where a memorial stone commemorates them. Before withdrawing from Rothenburg, the Wehrmacht destroyed all Rothenburg Neisse bridges in April 1945, including those to Tormersdorf. As a result of Stalin's westward displacement of Poland to the Oder-Neisse line , the destroyed village was on Polish territory. It was no longer built due to the infrastructural dependence on Rothenburg. The Polish army continued to use a military base that was set up during wartime .
Place name
The rector Robert Pohl gave in his home book of the Rothenburg district in 1924 the Slavic name Tornow with the German meaning Dorndorf . The fact that Arnošt Muka completely ignored the villages around Rothenburg in his surveys of the statistics of the Sorbian population in Upper Lusatia in the 1880s, as well as the fact that Paul Kühnel did not mention a Sorbian name in the part of his series Die Slavischen Orts published in the New Lusatian Magazine in 1892 - and field names of Upper Lusatia indicate that Tormersdorf had been a German-speaking village for some time and the Sorbian name was no longer used.
When it comes to the German name, Pohl is inclined to associate it with Thor or Donar. Kühnel names Tormersdorff (1490), Thormerssdorff (1527) and Tormersdorf (1564) as name variants.
memory
.jpg)
Only one building remains in Tormersdorf. The main avenue with its now over 100-year-old oak trees on the former site of the “Zoar” brotherhood and the cemetery located there can still be seen.
A Polish memorial commemorates the victims of World War II.
From 1996 to 2007 there were home meetings for former villagers, some of whom had to travel far. With the approval of German and Polish authorities and the support of the Deschka / Zentendorf volunteer fire brigade , it has been possible since 2002 to cross the Neisse at the site of the previous bridge with rubber dinghies , so that the use of the border crossings in Ludwigsdorf or Podrosche is no longer absolutely necessary during home meetings was.
In August 1998, the path leading on the dike to the former Neißebrücke in Rothenburg was named "Tormersdorfer Allee". A memorial stone was unveiled on June 14, 2003 at the end of the Rothenburg bridge.
literature
- Norbert Hieke: Tormersdorf. The story of a vanished place. Economic & Information Service Rothenburg / OL 2007.
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 269 f .
- Hans Schulz: A rubber dinghy goes back home . Published in the Sächsische Zeitung on June 30, 2007 ( paid online article ).
- Alfred Konieczny: Tormersdorf Grüssau Riebnig. Obozy przejściowe dla Żydów Dolnego Śląska z lat 1941–1943 . Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Breslau 1997, ISBN 83-229-1713-9 (Polish).
Web links
- City of Rothenburg / OL - Tormersdorfer Allee: in memory of Tormersdorf
- Niels Seidel : Jewish graves in Tormersdorf ad Neisse
Footnotes
- ↑ [Gottlob Anton] von Ohnesorge : Presentation of the statistical relationships in the Rothenburg district (Liegnitz government district) . Rothenburg 1842, p. 30 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Municipal directory Germany 1900. Retrieved on June 2, 2008 .
- ^ Robert Pohl: Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg . Page 84.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rothenburg district (Upper Lusatia). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Tormersdorf Jewish labor camp. Zeitensprünge project, accessed on December 18, 2012 .
- ^ Commemoration of the dead from Lower Silesia. In: Landshuter Zeitung , November 15, 2014.
- ↑ Johann Schober: Pilgrimage to Harskirchen. (No longer available online.) In: Adlkofener-Blattl. October 2, 2014, formerly in the original ; accessed on December 1, 2014 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Paul Kühnel: The Slavic place and field names of Upper Lusatia . Central antiquariat of the German Democratic Republic, Leipzig 1982, p. 75 (photomechanical reprint of the original edition (1891–1899)).
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 12 ″ N , 14 ° 59 ′ 0 ″ E