Podrosche
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Podrosche
Podroždź municipality Krauschwitz
Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′ 15 ″ N , 14 ° 56 ′ 45 ″ E
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| Area : | 26.43 km² |
| Residents : | 54 (Jun 30, 2009) |
| Population density : | 2 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1950 |
| Incorporated into: | Little Priebus |
| Postal code : | 02957 |
| Area code : | 035775 |
Podrosche , in Upper Sorbian Podroždź , is a district of the Saxon community of Krauschwitz . The Zeilendorf lies on the Lusatian Neisse , over which a border bridge leads to the neighboring Polish town of Przewóz (German Priebus ). The place is on the eastern edge of the official Sorbian settlement area in Upper Lusatia .
During the Counter Reformation in Silesia, a border church was built in Podrosche, Saxony . This was the godfather of the Germanization of the Sorbian place name in 1936 , until 1947 Podrosche was officially called Grenzkirch .
geography
The village lies on a Neisse bend. The Saxon state road 127 (S 127), which leads near the Neissen from Bad Muskau via Rothenburg / OL to Görlitz , connects Podrosche with the northwestern village of Werdeck and the village of Klein Priebus to the south . To the west of the three places is the Oberlausitz military training area , which extends over an extensive forest area.
history
An Iron Age settlement in the district is documented by an early Iron Age fortification that was archaeologically excavated in 1937. During the migration of peoples , large areas of northern Upper Lusatia became deserted. The repopulation probably took place in the 12th century by tribes of the Milzener .
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| Reference-sensitive graphic : The villages of the Neisse bend on the map of the Priebussischer Kreis and the rule of Muskau by Johann George Schreiber , published in 1745 |
The place was first mentioned in a document as Poyderose in 1395 in a Görlitz town book. Podrosche probably originally belonged to the Priebuser rule; through a change of ownership, the village became a fief of the Muskau lordship as early as the middle of the 15th century . This affiliation is documented for the year 1521, when it was offered for sale with the other villages in the Neissebogen. The northwestern villages of Pechern and Neudorf belonged to the Priebus rule in the Silesian Principality of Sagan at that time , which made it difficult for the Muskau lords to access the villages in the Neißebogen to the south. In addition, these villages were parish in Priebus at that time . Despite everything, a sale should not take place.
In 1539 the Reformation arrived in Priebus, which also affected the population of Podrosches.
Together with the villages of Werdeck and Klein Priebus, they operated a pitch furnace which enabled farmers who live from agriculture and forestry to earn additional income. According to the land register of 1552, the rulers were paid six shock twelve groschen for the removal of wood and 16 groschen pitch interest.
Since the 16th century, the rulers had their own paper mill southwest of Muskau and in 1612 set up a second one in Podrosche. Both were badly damaged in the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), and they were no longer rebuilt. At the beginning of the 17th century, iron was extracted in several iron hammers in the Muskau rulership, including in Podrosche. The hammer fell into disrepair with the war; the subsequent depression and falling iron prices made it impossible to rebuild the hammers in Podrosche and Viereichen .
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During the war, the Electorate of Saxony was awarded the margravate Lower Lusatia and Upper Lusatia by the Peace of Prague in 1635 . When the Counter-Reformation began in the Principality of Sagan at the beginning of 1668 , pastor Gottfried Scheffler, Deacon Martin Mylius and the Protestant school teacher Johannes Moller and their families from the Silesian Priebus fled to the Saxon Podrosche at the end of March. There the Muskau registrar Kurt Reinicke von Callenberg granted them protection and had a prayer house built, the construction of a schoolhouse followed six years later. For Podroscher Parochie the places changed Buchwalde , Dobers (to 1839, since then Leippa), Klein Priebus , Leippa (up to 1808), Pechern and Werdeck and about 20 Silesian host communities .
The border church , which was to give the place its name during the National Socialist era, was inaugurated in 1690. The octagonal half-timbered church with an attached tower lost its importance after 1740 when the Prussian King Friedrich II guaranteed the Silesian Protestants their freedom of belief and as a result a Protestant church was built again in Priebus.
During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) in August 1760, Austrians set fire to the bridge between Podrosche and Priebus in 14 places.
After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Saxony had to cede more than half of its land area to Prussia, including all of Lower Lusatia and a large part of Upper Lusatia. Podrosche was added to the newly founded Rothenburg district (province of Silesia) the following year . The customs station lost its importance, the bridge house stood on the new wooden bridge until around 1840. Podrosche was a town in 1845 , and cattle markets were held four times a year until the 1930s. In 1855 the Pechern Church was assigned as a branch church from Muskau to Podrosche.
When the manor was sold in 1897, membership of the Muskau rulership ended. The landlords continued to exercise their patronage rights over the church until the end of World War II . When the church burned down due to a lightning strike on May 15, 1907, Traugott had Hermann Graf von Arnim-Muskau built a new church as the church patron. This massive church, which is also octagonal in its basic shape, is consecrated on June 4, 1908. The organ comes from the Schweidnitz company Schlag und Söhne .
Between the municipality of Podrosche and the town of Priebus, a new reinforced concrete Neisse bridge was inaugurated in 1928, which was blown up in the spring of 1945 towards the end of the Second World War.
Together with Werdeck, Podrosche was incorporated into Klein Priebus on July 1, 1950, with its municipality in the centrally located Podrosche.
Through the amalgamation of the communities of Krauschwitz , Sagar , Skerbersdorf , Pechern and Klein Priebus, Podrosche has been part of the Krauschwitz unitary community since 1994.
With the construction of a border crossing between Podrosche and Przewóz, a bridge over the Neisse was again built between the two places in 1994. With 1200 vehicles daily (as of 2007) it is the least used border crossing for motor vehicles between the Free State of Saxony and Poland.
The church, which was damaged in the war, was extensively renovated in 1995, and the organ was restored in 1998 for the 90th anniversary of the church. Podrosche has also been parishioners with the Krauschwitz parish since 1998.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1782 | 124 |
| 1825 | 258 |
| 1871 | 222 |
| 1885 | 199 |
| 1905 | 205 |
| 1910 | 197 |
| 1925 | 177 |
| 1933 | 162 |
| 1939 | 145 |
| 1946 | 176 |
| 2009 | 54 |
The land registry of the class rule from 1552 names eleven possessed men (one feudal and knightly estate, two Einhüfner, eight Halbhüfner) and 16 cottagers . Up to 1630 the social situation improved a little, the number of farmers decreased by one, but there are now four one-half-hoppers and five half-hoppers. A similar process can be observed among the cottagers, two of whom are now gardeners . In the second half of the war, the village was badly shaken; at the end of the Thirty Years War in 1647 almost half of the village was desolate. Of the 26 farms, only 15 are still occupied, including eight farmers, two gardeners and five cottagers. In 1660 the situation eased somewhat. In addition to the Lehngut there are three whole and six Halbhüfner, with the Lehngut again ten farmers. In addition, a gardener and nine cottagers are named, the number of whom rose to two and twelve respectively by 1699.
For the year 1777, 14 years after the end of the Seven Years' War, a total of only seven farms, one gardener and twelve cottagers are named, and three farms are in desolation. The population increased again by 1782, with six half-hour and nine quarter-hour residents, as well as one gardener and eleven cottagers. The number of inhabitants is put at 124. By 1810 the number of farms increased again from 27 to 32, the distribution of twelve farmers, two gardeners and 18 cottagers suggests that several farms were divided for this.
In the 19th century the number of inhabitants decreased again. Between 1825 and 1939 it almost halved from 258 to 145. Flight and expulsion from the occupied eastern territories as a result of the Stalinist shift to the west in Poland led to a brief increase in the population after the Second World War, but it could not be sustained in the following decades. In 1991 the three parts of the municipality of Klein Priebus together had 181 inhabitants, whereas 45 years earlier Podrosche alone had almost the same number. At the end of June 2009 Podrosche had 54 inhabitants.
When Arnošt Muka compiled statistics on the Sorbian population in the 1880s, he ignored Podrosche because the village was already outside the Sorbian-speaking area.
Place name
Document mentions of the name include Podegros (1521), Podogros (1552) and Poyderose (1595). Via Podroßen (1597), Poderusche (1615), Poderoscha (1704) and Poderosch (1791), the name develops into today's Podrosche .
The Sorbian name is documented in the 19th century as Podroz and Podrože , and at the beginning of the 20th century as Podroždź . Deviating from this official form, Robert Pohl named Podrože in 1924 ; Ernst Eichler mentions Podróždć in 1975, pointing out that the name no longer occurs in dialect.
Eichler considers the name to be derived from the Old Sorbian Podgrodźe from Podgrod'je "place, area below the castle". This thesis is supported by the fact that Podrosche is at the gates of the former country town of Priebus. He also assumes that the name was later adjusted to droha, podroha "way, journey".
literature
- Robert Pohl: Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 198 ff .
- Hermann Graf von Arnim-Muskau, Willi A. Boelcke : Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1978, ISBN 3-550-07377-1 .
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, p. 243 f .
Footnotes
- ↑ Steffen Menzel: New findings on first mentions of Upper Lusatian localities. In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 137 (2015) . S. 149 .
- ↑ Find: Klein Priebus (Podrosche). Retrieved September 28, 2016 .
- ↑ SMWA: border crossing (PL): Podrosche - Przewoz (Priebus). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 13, 2008 ; Retrieved December 22, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b von Arnim, Boelcke: Muskau. Page 603
- ^ Podrosche in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 229 .
Web links
Little Priebus (Přibuzk) | Pechern (Pěchč) | Podrosche (Podroždź) | Sagar (Zagor) | Skerbersdorf (Skarbišecy) | Werdeck (Wjertko)