Torpedo mackerel
| Torpedo mackerel | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Torpedo mackerel ( Scomberomorus commerson ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scomberomorus commerson | ||||||||||||
| ( Lacépède , 1800) |
The torpedo mackerel ( Scomberomorus commerson ) is a predatory fish from the mackerel and tuna family that is native to the Indo-Pacific . The species is fished commercially, is known as sport fish and is now increasingly threatened. It is used as food fish by humans.
description
The torpedo mackerel has a long first dorsal fin with 15 to 18 hard rays , of which the second is the longest, which begins just behind the head and ends just before the attachment of the second dorsal fin. The second dorsal fin consists of 15 to 20 soft rays . The approach of the anal fin , which consists of 16 to 20 soft rays, lies slightly behind that of the second dorsal fin. There are eight to ten fleas on the top of the tail stalk and seven to twelve on the underside. The pelvic fins are very small. The pointed pectoral fins start behind the gill covers just below the middle of the body. The body is spindle-shaped. The flanks are covered with dark, vertically arranged stripes below the sideline . Juvenile specimens have dark, oval spots on their flanks. The back is blue. The sideline is very irregular. While it initially runs high up on the body, it falls far below the middle of the body at the base of the second dorsal fin and runs wavy on the middle of the body from around the sixth upper flipper. There is no swim bladder . In the terminal mouth there are many, quite large, slightly curved teeth.
Distribution, habitat and biology
Torpedo mackerels are widespread across the tropical regions of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific . It also inhabits the African Atlantic coast from South Africa to the equator. It migrated to the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal and it is believed that it will spread there in the future.
The torpedo mackerel lives oceanodromes above the continental shelf and prefers depths of 10 to 70 meters. She also shows a preference for reefs. It often penetrates into shallow water with a very low salt content. It is a group fish , but can also be found individually. Some populations undertake major coastal migrations, while others remain true to their place.
Torpedo mackerels are epipelagic predatory fish, which mainly grow from small fish such as fish. B. anchovies and other small herring-like , but also feed on cephalopods and shrimp . Eggs and larvae are pelagic. Like all Scombrids , they too are fast and persistent swimmers.
swell
literature
- Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen: Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date (= FAO Species Catalog. Vol. 2 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol. 2). United Nations Development Program et al., Rome 1983, ISBN 92-5-101381-0 , ( complete edition ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Scomberomorus commerson on Fishbase.org (English)
- ^ A b Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen: Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date (= FAO Species Catalog. Vol. 2 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol. 2). United Nations Development Program et al., Rome 1983, ISBN 92-5-101381-0 .
Web links
- Scomberomorus commerson on Fishbase.org (English)
- Scomberomorus commerson on the FAO website
- Scomberomorus commerson onthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Collette, B., Chang, S.-K., Di Natale, A., Fox, W., Juan Jorda, M., Miyabe, N. & Nelson, R., 2011. Retrieved October 3 2013.