Traunsteiner's orchid

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Traunsteiner's orchid
Traunsteiner's orchid (Dactylorhiza traunsteineri)

Traunsteiner's orchid ( Dactylorhiza traunsteineri )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Orchideae
Sub tribus : Orchidinae
Genre : Orchids ( Dactylorhiza )
Type : Traunsteiner's orchid
Scientific name
Dactylorhiza traunsteineri
( Saut. ) Soó

Traunsteiner's orchid ( Dactylorhiza traunsteineri ) is an orchid that also occurs in Central Europe . It is named after the Tyrolean pharmacist Joseph Traunsteiner (1798–1850). The species is very diverse and can often be difficult to differentiate, especially from Dactylorhiza majalis and Dactylorhiza lapponica .

features

Traunsteiner's orchid is a perennial plant. As a wintering organ, it forms two deeply split, finger-like bulbs . The stem becomes 10 to 40 cm high, is thin and usually pithy . The upper part of the stem is tinged with red-violet to purple. The species looks slimmer and more delicate than the rest of the species.

The plants form two to four, rarely five leaves that protrude upwards or diagonally. Their shape is linear-lanceolate, they are slightly keeled to runny folded. They are 3 to 15 cm long and quite narrow at 0.5 to 1.5 cm. The leaf blade is usually spotted brown-purple, rarely is it not spotted. The top leaf does not usually reach the inflorescence .

Traunsteiner's orchid in the Vosges
Traunsteiner's orchid in Italy

The inflorescence is cylindrical, loose and usually has fewer than 15 flowers. The bracts are shorter to a little longer than the flowers and brown-purple in color. The flowers themselves are purple. The outer tepals are narrowly ovate, 8 to 11 mm long and 2.5 to 4 mm wide. The lateral outer tepals are erect at an angle. The middle one is slightly erect or bent over the inner tepals. The inner tepals are 6 to 8.5 mm long and inclined over the column . The lip is three-lobed and has a protruding middle lobe. It is 6 to 10 mm long and 7 to 13 mm wide. The light middle part has a purple-red pattern of loops, lines or dots. The lateral lobes are weakly or strongly bent downwards. The spur is conical, 9 to 13 mm long and 2 to 3.5 mm thick. It sticks out horizontally or is slightly curved.

The species is tetraploid with 2n = 80.

Distribution and locations

Traunsteiner's orchid occurs from Europe to Western Siberia from the temperate-montane to the boreal Florence zone . Their area includes ocean levels 1 to 5 (out of 10). It grows in wet low and spring moors as well as in the lagg of raised moors . It rises to 1700 m and avoids limestone subsoil. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises on Riedbergstrasse west of Obermaiselstein on wet meadows up to 1,400 meters above sea level. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 399–1450 meters, France 170–2000 meters, Switzerland 330–2150 meters, Liechtenstein 430–500 meters, Austria 480–1600 meters, Italy 245–1810 meters, Slovenia 480-720 meters. The borders in Europe are between 170 and 2150 meters above sea level.

It is scattered in the Alps . It is rare in the southern Black Forest and in the high Vosges. The German populations north of the Alps and the Black Forest are possibly hybrids.

In some areas, Traunsteiner's orchid is a character species of the Parnassio-Caricetum fuscae from the Caricion fuscae association, often occurs in the Alps in the Caricetum frigidae and, more rarely, in societies of the Molinietalia order.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. curvifolia (F.Nyl.) Soó (Syn .: Orchis curvifolia F.Nyl. , Dactylorhiza curvifolia (F.Nyl.) Czerep. ): It occurs in Northern Europe and in the Czech Republic .
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. irenica (FMVázquez) Kreutz (Syn .: Dactylorhiza irenica F.M.Vázquez ): It occurs in Spain.
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. rhaetica (H.Baumann & R.Lorenz) F.Benoît (Syn .: Dactylorhiza lapponica subsp. rhaetica H.Baumann & R.Lorenz ): It occurs in northern Italy.
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. schurii (blade) Kreutz (Syn .: Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. schurii (blade) Soó ): It occurs in the southern and eastern Carpathians .
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. Ex Rchb.) Soó subsp. traunsteineri : It occurs from northern Europe and central Europe to western Siberia.
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. turfosa (F.Proch.) Kreutz (Syn .: Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. turfosa F.Proch. , Dactylorhiza comosa subsp. turfosa (F.Proch) Holub. ): It comes in the Alps and in the western Carpathian front.
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. vosagiaca Kreutz & P.Wolff : It occurs in Central Europe.

literature

  • Michael Lorenz Perko: The orchids of Carinthia . Kärntner Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Klagenfurt 2004. ISBN 3-85391-218-4 , p. 116

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
  2. ^ Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  3. ^ A b Werner Rothmaler: Excursion flora from Germany. Volume 4. Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . 10th edition, Elsevier, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 375.
  5. ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 368. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  283 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Dactylorhiza traunsteineri. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 30, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Traunsteiners Knabenkraut ( Dactylorhiza traunsteineri )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files