Treze Tílias
| Treze Tílias | |||||
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| General data | |||||
| State : | Santa Catarina | ||||
| Surface: | 185.205 km² | ||||
| Residents: | 6004 (as of July 1, 2009) | ||||
| Height: | 796 m above sea level NN | ||||
| Geographic location : | 27 ° 00 's. Br. 51 ° 24 'w. L. |
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| Website: | Treze Tílias | ||||
Treze Tílias (German Dreizehnlinden ) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina , which was founded in 1933. It extends over an area of around 185 km² in the west of the Brazilian mountainous region. The climate is temperate with four seasons and possible snowfall in winter. Treze Tílias became particularly well-known because it arose from a settlement of Austrian emigrants , which has largely retained its language and tradition to this day.
history
Between 1865 and 1939, around 30,000 Tyrolean emigrants (from North Tyrol, South Tyrol and Welschtirol ) emigrated to Brazil. It was mostly from the Trentino (Welschtiroler) who founded cities and colonies in Brazil between 1875 and 1916.
The founder of Dreizehnlinden was from the Wildschönau in Tyrol originating Andreas Thaler . As Austria's former Agriculture Minister (1925–1933), he had often asked for subsidies for his emigration plans because he wanted to enable Tyrolean farmers to live a secure existence in Latin America because of rising unemployment , a fall in prices for agricultural products and the one-thousand-mark ban .
As early as 1931 he presented the establishment of a cooperative-organized settlement of Catholic farming and artisan families in a state in which the preservation of traditional values and the language was not endangered by assimilation pressure. With the help of Walter von Schuschnigg , a cousin of the later Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg , who had already come to Brazil as part of Othmar Gamillscheg's emigration initiative in 1919, Thaler came to the lands in the west of Santa Catarina. To the north of the city of Cruzeiro do Sul, today's district town of Joaçaba, 52 km² of land were purchased. Thaler and Schuschnigg's plans to emigrate also had a cultural missionary aspect: Schuschnigg wanted to prevent the immigration of Italian colonists and, with the Dreizehnlinden project, to connect the German settlement areas in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul . The Austrian priest Monsignor Johann Reitmeier , who played a key role in the founding of the school, was also an important pioneer of Dreizehnlinden .
Despite strong political resistance, Andreas Thaler was able to translate to Brazil with the first emigrants as early as 1933. This was made possible not least by his relationships with Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss , who provided him with ATS 500,000 . To this end, on March 29, 1933, the “ Austrian Foreign Settlement Company ” was founded with its headquarters in Vienna and a branch in Innsbruck , with the aim of building closed Austrian settlements overseas.
After crossing the Atlantic from Genoa , the emigrants, consisting mainly of Tyrolean farmers, arrived in Santa Catarina and met a small group of Austrians from Krems who had been living there since 1930. The new settlement was officially founded on October 13, 1933 and named after the epic epic by Friedrich Wilhelm Weber Dreizehnlinden ( Portuguese : Treze Tílias ). The development of the settlement was initially strictly organized as a cooperative, half of the work was paid out in vouchers. But after some protests, Thaler divided the land among the settlers. In 1937 two small daughter settlements with the names Dollfuss and Babenberg were founded and more emigrants came along.
After the connection of Austria to the German Reich , the Austrian administration before the settlement was subordinated to the German Consulate General in nearby Joaçaba. After Thaler had died in a flood in 1939 at the age of 55, the NSDAP tried to take over the young Dreizehnlinden colony and to build a settlement for Sudeten Germans in the area . But legal problems, the resistance of the colony itself and not least the beginning of the Second World War , in which Brazil entered on the side of the Allies in 1942, prevented such plans.
The government under the previously pro-German President Vargas now fundamentally changed its policy. The use of the German language in public was banned. The settlers' land was expropriated and renamed Dreizehnlinden Papuan . Other German immigrant villages in the area were also forcibly renamed. But due to the strong efforts of the residents and not least the tourist attractiveness of Dreizehnlinden as an exotic holiday destination, tradition and culture have largely been preserved.
After the end of the Second World War, more immigrants from Austria came to Dreizehnlinden. These waves of immigration did not end for good until 1959, when the post-war economy in Austria began to recover significantly and as a result the foreign settlement company in Innsbruck was dissolved. During these years, the residents of the settlement were also given back their land that had been expropriated during the war. In 1961, the remaining property titles were distributed in Treze Tílias. It was declared an independent municipality on April 29, 1963. The original name was also reintroduced, but now officially in the Portuguese version as Treze Tílias .
Until the 1980s, the town with its neighboring hamlet, Dollfuss, had a meager existence, as the road to the nearby town of Joaçaba was poor and the sale of agricultural products was difficult. Only with the connection to the road network and the establishment of the Tyrolean dairy in 1975 did the municipality gain an economic upturn.
About 900 km west of Treze Tilias there is another village originally inhabited by Tyroleans, Puerto Tirol , in the province of Chaco , Argentina (founded in 1888).
economy
The Tyrolean dairy is the second largest dairy in Brazil, the largest in the town and one of the largest in the entire region. 1,300,000 liters of milk from 12,000 farmers in a 600 km radius are processed there every day. The idea of a dairy went back to the Tyrolean folklore professor Karl Ilg , who advocated it as early as 1966 and was able to demonstrate the agricultural and tourist development opportunities of the community in the following years through appropriate expert reports from various experts.
The second mainstay of the municipality of Treze Tílias is tourism . Every year in mid-October, Treze Tílias celebrates a Tyrolean festival in memory of the Austrian immigrants.
The Austrian tradition is particularly reminiscent of the widespread handicrafts of the wood sculptors as well as the Tyrolean music band Dreizehnlinden, the Schuhplattler group , the folk dance group, many houses in the Tyrolean architectural style, the Edelweißbar, the town hall, the many flowers at the entrance to the town and in the center and some hotels in the Alpine region Style.
Web links
- Official homepage of Dreizehnlinden (Portuguese)
- Pictures from the Tyrolean Festival in Dreizehnlinden ( Memento from July 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- Video The Tyrolean Immigration to Brazil (German)
Individual evidence
- ↑ latein Amerika-studien.at: The "Aktion Gamillscheg"
- ↑ latein Amerika-studien.at: The Thaler - Dreizehnlinden project
- ↑ sued America- facten.de: Austrians in Brazil - Dreizehnlinden
Coordinates: 27 ° 0 ′ 0 ″ S , 51 ° 24 ′ 27 ″ W