Three-tooth leaf noses
| Three-tooth leaf noses | ||||||||||||
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Triaenops persicus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Triaenops | ||||||||||||
| Dobson , 1871 |
The three-toothed leaf-nosed bat ( Triaenops ) are a bat species in the family of hipposideridae (Hipposideridae).
features
The species reach a head-trunk length of 35 to 62 mm, a tail length of 20 to 34 mm and a weight of 8 to 15 g. The forearms are 45 to 55 mm long. As with various other round-leaf noses, the central nasal blade has the shape of a trident , that is, the rear (top) part is triangular and has three spear-like protrusions on its upper edge. The nasal blade is surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped bulge. Compared to other members of the family, the three-tooth leaf noses have a flatter snout and a significantly larger cochlea . The coat color varies, even within a species, between individuals. There are brown, gray, red and white specimens. The tail is completely embedded in the uropatagium (the skin between the legs). The brain skull is barely higher than the rostrum. The intermaxillary bone (premaxillary) is unusually thick. The zygomatic arches are expanded into a wide plate. The dental formula is: .
species
The following species belong to the genus.
- Triaenops persicus Dobson , 1871; occurs in eastern Africa, occasionally on the Gulf of Guinea , on the Arabian Peninsula and on the coasts of Iran and Pakistan .
- African three-toothed nose ( Triaenops afer Peters , 1877); previously considered a subspecies of Triaenops persicus . Occurs in East Africa.
- Triaenops parvus Benda & Vallo , 2009; occurs in southeastern Yemen .
- Reddish three-toothed leaf nose ( Triaenops menamena Goodman & Ranivo , 2009 (formerly T. rufus )); is endemic to western Madagascar .
Originally T. furculus , T. auritus and T. pauliani (this species originally represented the branch within T. furculus that was widespread in the Seychelles , but which was recognized as an independent branch in 2008) also belonged to Triaenops . A revision of the genus in 2009 moved it to the closely related and newly established genus Paratriaenops . In addition, the species T. rufus , described by Alphonse Milne-Edwards in 1881, was renamed T. menamena due to ambiguities with the type material . In addition to the four species living today, one is known to be extinct:
- † Triaenops goodmani Samonds , 2007; fossil pine remains of this species have been found in Madagascar. It had larger molars than any other member of the genus and was probably larger in general.
Way of life
The Malagasy species primarily hunt in or near pristine forests. They rest in caves, tunnels or on cliffs. Triaenops persicus also uses trees or undergrowth as resting places. In addition to forests, the habitat of this species includes other landscapes with trees and savannas . These bats form large colonies with several thousand individuals in caves . Occasionally colonies of half a million bats are encountered. There are also mixed colonies with Geoffroy's trident leaf nose ( Asellia tridens ), with the African sliding-tailed bat ( Coleura afra ) or with other species. The Triaenops species leave their hiding place early in the evening. They catch different insects and fly close to the bottom.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Meredith Happold: Genus Triaenops . In: Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski, Meredith Happold, Jan Kalina (eds.): Mammals of Africa. Volume IV: Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats. Bloomsbury, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-4081-2254-9 , pp. 398-399.
- ↑ a b Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Volume 1. 6th edition. 1999, pp. 340-341, Triple Nose-leaf Bats .
- ↑ a b Petr Benda and Peter Vallo: Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Folia Zoologica 58, Monograph 1, 2009, pp. 1-45
- ↑ a b Victor Van Cakenberghe and Ernest CJ Seamark: African chiroptera Report 2014 Pretoria 2014, p 1-6591 (Appendix 1 S. 803-810 and Appendix 3 pp 2459-2894) doi: 10.13140 / 2.1.1480.0004
- ↑ Steven M. Goodman and Julie Ranivo: A new species of Triaenops (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae) from Aldabra Atoll, Picard Island (Seychelles). Zoosystema 30 (3), 2008, pp. 681-693
- ↑ Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Ed.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference . 3. Edition. 2 volumes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 (English, Triaenops ).
- ↑ a b Triaenops in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Accessed May 1, 2015.
- ^ Steven M. Goodman and Julie Ranivo: The geographical origin of the type specimens of Triaenops rufusandT. humbloti (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name. Mammalia 73, 2009, pp. 47-55
- ↑ Karen E. Samonds: Late Pleistocene bat fossils from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar . Acta Chiropterologica, 9 (1), 2007, pp. 39–65 (46–49) ( online ; PDF)
