Tudorella sulcata

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Tudorella sulcata
Tudorella sulcata, southern France

Tudorella sulcata , southern France

Systematics
Order : Sorbeoconcha
Subordination : Hypsogastropoda
Superfamily : Littorinoidea
Family : Land snails (Pomatiidae)
Genre : Tudorella
Type : Tudorella sulcata
Scientific name
Tudorella sulcata
( Draparnaud , 1805)

Tudorella sulcata , also uncommon Tyrrhenian mouthed snail called, is a living on the land snails - kind from the family of pomatiidae (Pomatiidae) in the order of sorbeoconcha . Molecular biological work showed that the earlier (large) species is a species complex of probably seven species.

features

The conical, slightly bulbous cases are 12 to 18 mm high and 10 to 15 mm wide. There is a slight sexual dimorphism in size; the females are on average slightly larger than the males. The housings have 5 strongly arched turns with a deep seam. The last turn takes up about half of the total height and is detached from the previous turn. The housing apex is pointed. The first 2.5 embryonic turns are smooth. The ornamentation consists of fine radial stripes that follow one another at irregular intervals and, from the third turn, of very clearly developed spiral lines. The mouth is rounded with a slightly angled end. It is orange inside. The edge of the mouth is slightly bent, but does not lie on the previous turn.

The cases are whitish to orange or even red with darker bands. The operculum is very firm and has only a few turns. It consists of two layers, the horny, non-calcified lower layer and the porous upper layer, which is calcified except for the sunk and eccentric nucleus . The outside is convex, with a wide winged field (which fits into the angled corner of the muzzle), a strong, narrow spindle callus, and a thicker spiral field. The surface is covered with small, rather short ribs. The edge is roughened. The horny layer is yellowish and only a little further than the calcified layer.

Similar species

The surface of the operculum is covered with flat ribs that are shorter than those of Tudorella ferruginea . The shells of Tudorella multisulcata and Tudorella panormitana are significantly larger and also somewhat slimmer than that of Tudorella sulcata .

Geographical distribution

The range of the species varies considerably, depending on whether the taxon is broad or very narrow. In the broad version of the taxon (= species complex) the distribution area extends from North Africa (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco) to southern Spain and southern Portugal, southern France to the Mediterranean islands of Corsica , Sardinia , Sicily and Malta .

According to the more recent molecular biological data from Pfenninger u. a. (2010) conceal at least five species in the previous broad version of the taxon. The range of Tudorella sulcata s. st. shows three disjoint areas, a small area in eastern Algeria ( Constantine , Jijel and Bejaia ), Sardinia and southern France.

Pfenninger et al. a. (2010) and Jesse et al. a. (2011) conclude on the basis of mitochondrial haplotypes that the origin of the species was in Sardinia, as the highest haplotype diversity was observed here. Algerian haplotypes have been found in both Sardinia and southern France. In contrast, the populations examined in Sardinia and southern France did not have any haplotypes common to them. Jesse et al. a. (2011) explain this haplotype distribution with the fact that the species was intentionally or unintentionally brought from Sardinia to Algeria by Neolithic seafarers. Much later, the species was carried off from Algeria to southern France.

The animals are usually found near the coasts up to only a few tens of kilometers inland and up to 100 m above sea level. They live on limestone rubble fields that are overgrown by sparse pine forests or bushes, or under limestone rocks in very dry biotopes.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described as Cyclostoma sulcatum in 1805 by Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud in the posthumously published work "Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France" . The type locality is "Cujes", today Cuges-les-Pins ( Bouches-du-Rhône department , Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region , France).

The taxon is controversial in scope; while Welter Schultes takes Tudorella sulcata broadly, Pfenninger et al. a. (2010) based molecular biological data on the taxon in six species, including two new, as yet undescribed species. The other three "new" species have so far been treated as synonyms or subspecies of Tudorella sulcata . Another species ( T. mauretanica ) has also occasionally been placed with Tudorella sulcata . The species complex Tudorella sulcata s. l. includes according to Pfenninger u. a. (2010) in the overview:

Not from Pfenninger u. a. Tudorella sulcata pachya Pallary, 1936 from Eastern Morocco, which is characterized by very large cases up to 27 mm, is taken into account .

The problem with this different view is that many published observations on Tudorella sulcata s. l. no longer on Tudorella sulcata s. st. hold true. For example, there is still no anatomical description of Tudorella sulcata s. st. The anatomical data available so far were based on the above view on Tudorella mauretanica .

More recent work confirms, at least in part, the work of Pfenninger et al. a. (2010) (e.g. Reitano et al. (2012) and Lo Brano & Sparacio (2006)). Both works assume that Tudorella panormitanum is independent . Reitano et al. a. also accept Tudorella multisulcatum . Housing morphological and anatomical differences between the latter two species are also described in both papers.

Danger

The species is endangered in France due to the rapid development of coastal areas. A population in the Alpes-Maritimes département described in the 19th century is considered to be extinct.

supporting documents

literature

  • Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (Steinbach's natural guide 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 122.
  • Alberto Martínez-Ortí, Fernando Robles: Los cenogasterópodos (Mollusca, Orthogastropoda) de la Comunidad Valenciana (España). In: Iberus. 23 (2), 2005, pp. 7-24, online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org
  • Markus Pfenninger, Errol Véla, Ruth Jesse, Miren Arantzazu Elejalde, Fabio Liberto, Frédéric Magnin, Alberto Martínez-Ortí: Temporal speciation pattern in the western Mediterranean genus Tudorella P. Fischer, 1885 (Gastropoda, Pomatiidae) supports the Tyrrhenian vicariance hypothesis. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54, 2010, pp. 427-436, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2009.09.024
  • Errol Véla, Frédéric Magnin, Daniel Pavon, Markus Pfenninger: Phylogénie moléculaire et données paléobiogéographiques sur le gastéropode terrestre Tudorella sulcata (Draparnaud, 1805) en France et en Algérie orientale. In: Geodiversitas. 30 (1) 2008, pp. 233-246, PDF
  • Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 .
  • Lisa Wilmsmeier, Eike Neubert: On the inner morphology of pomatiid opercula - hidden structures (Gastropoda: Pomatiidae). In: Archives for Molluscology. 141 (2), Frankfurt am Main 2012, pp. 233–249 PDF

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ruth Jesse, Errol Véla, Markus Pfenninger: Phylogeography of a Land Snail Suggests Trans-Mediterranean Neolithic Transport. In: PLoS ONE. 6 (6) 2011, p. E20734. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0020734
  2. ^ Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud: Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Ouvrage posthumous. Pp. I-VIII, pp. 1-134, plates 1-13, Paris, Montpellier, Plassan, Renaud. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org, p. 33. or Plate 13, Fig. 1
  3. ^ Valery Louis Victor Potiez, André Louis Gaspard Michaud: Galerie des mollusques, ou catalog méthodique, descriptif et raisonné des mollusques et coquilles du Muséum de Douai. Tome premier. P. I-XXXVI, P. 1–560 + atlas with 56 plates, Paris, Londres, Baillière 1838 online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org P. 238.
  4. ↑ Cesare Francesco Sacchi: Ciclostoma (Tudorella) sulcatum Drap. in Sicilia occidentale. In: Doriana. Genua 1954, 1 (49), pp. 1-4.
  5. ^ Paul Pallary: Deuxième à l'étude de la faune malacologique du nord-ouest de l'Afrique. Supplement to "La Faune Malacologique du Maroc" by A. Morelet. In: Journal de Conchyliologie. 46, Paris 1899, pp. 49–170, online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org p. 131.
  6. ^ Paul Pallary: Deuxième complément à la faune malacologique de la Berbérie. In: Journal de Conchyliologie. 80 (1) 1936, pp. 5-65.
  7. ↑ Miguel Ibáñez, María Rosario Alonso: Observaciones anatomicas sobre Tudorella ferruginea (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca, Prosobranchia, Pomatiasidae). In: Boletin de la Sociedad de Historia Natural de Baleares. 23, 1979, pp. 69-78 PDF
  8. ↑ Miguel Ibañez, María Rosario Alonso: Anatomical observations about Pomatias sulcatus (Draparnaud, 1805) (Prosobranchia, Pomatiidae). In: Journal of Conchology. 29 (5), 1978, pp. 263-266 (according to today's taxonomy, the anatomical observations come from Tudorella mauretanica ).
  9. ↑ Agatino Reitano, Fabio Liberto Salvatore Giglio, Rosario Grasso, Maria Teresa Spena: Terrestrial molluscs from the RNI "Grotta Conza" (Palermo, Sicily) (Gastropoda Pulmonata architaenioglossa). In: Biodiversity Journal. 3 (4), 2012, pp. 555-570 PDF
  10. ↑ Vincenzo Dario Lo Brano, Ignazio Sparacio: Molluschi terrestri e dulciacquicoli del SIC Rupi di Catalano e CapoZafferano Sicilia (Gastropoda, Neotaenioglossa, Pomatiasidae, Basommatophora, Stylommatophora). In: Il Naturalista Siciliano. 30, 2006, pp. 555-589 PDF

On-line

Web links

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