Turul

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Turul at the Buda Castle Palace

The Turul is a mythical creature from the Hungarian and Turkish myths . The bird has similarities with an eagle and with a falcon ( gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus altaicus or sucker falcon , Falco cherrug ). The word Turul comes from Old Turkish .

Meaning, say

According to a legend, a Turul is said to have impregnated Emese in his sleep in 819 and prophesied in a dream that she would give birth to a son who would be the ancestor of many kings. This son was named Álmos , after the word álom , which means dream. A Turul also played a major role in the legends surrounding the conquest of the Hungarians: he is said to have led the Hungarians to Pannonia . These legends are found in the Hungarian chronicles such as B. in the Gesta Hungarorum or in the Buda picture chronicle . The Turul bird was also present in the culture of other peoples: it decorates not only objects of the Magyars , but also those of the Huns and Avars . The turul has a symbolic meaning for the Hungarians to this day : it points to the origins, to the "forefather" of the Hungarians. He often holds a sword in his clutches.

According to the chronicler Simon Kézai , the Turul with the crown of Attila was the military badge of the Hungarians until the time of Prince Géza: Banerium quoque regis Ethelae, quod proprio scuto gestare consueverat, similitudinem avis habebat, quae hungarice turul dicitur, in capite cum corona . Mark von Kalts, Hungarian Illustrated Chronicle

The turul is also used by political groups such as the Arrow Cross or neo-Nazis.

Turul representations

In Hungary

The most important Turul representations in Hungary are:

One of the turul on the Liberty Bridge
It was built in 1896 in memory of the victory over Prince Swatopluk near Bánhida. With a wing width of 15 m, it is also the largest bird monument in Central Europe.

From 1900 to 1916 the Turul could be seen on Hungarian postage stamps, e.g. B. "Turul over St. Stephen's Crown", a particularly beautiful depiction shows the military aid stamp Michel No. 185 (40 + 2 fillers) from 1916.

Outside the borders of present-day Hungary

Turul as heraldic animal

heraldry

The Turul is in Hungarian Heraldry a heraldic animal . As a mythical creature , he represents a mixture of the eagle and the falcon . In the coat of arms of the municipality of Tatabánya he is depicted as a bird flying up from a rock. It was a heraldic animal in the coat of arms of Transylvania .

gallery

Turul representations in Hungary

Turul representations outside the borders of today's Hungary

Individual evidence

  1. Original saga of the Árpád dynasty
  2. Kálti Márk: Képes krónika. 2010, accessed July 6, 2020 (Latin).
  3. ^ The Hungarian illustrated chronicle (German edition) . Corvina Verlag, Budapest 1961.
  4. Fascist predicament of the Turul symbol , in the article All evil except us of the Austrian students' union.
  5. Michel stamp catalog
  6. ^ Árpád von Klimó : Nation, Denomination, History. On the national historical culture of Hungary in the European context (1860–1948) (= Southeast European works. Vol. 117). Oldenbourg, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-486-56746-2 , p. 219 (At the same time: Berlin, Free University, habilitation paper, 2001).

Web links

Commons : Turul  - album with pictures, videos and audio files