Tuotilo of St. Gallen

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Tuotilo von St. Gallen , in the older literature mainly called Tutilo von St. Gallen or Tutilo, (* around 850; † April 27 (? Also March 28) 913 (? Also 915) in St. Gallen ) was a monk in the monastery of St. Gallen .

Front of the cover of Cod. Sang. 53 from the St. Gallen Abbey Library
Copy of the plates from the cover of Cod. Sang. 53, exhibited in the Lapidarium St. Gallen

Life

Not much is known about the life of Tuotilo. On the one hand, there is a rather anecdotal literary source in the descriptions of Ekkehard IV in the history of the St. Gallen monastery, the Casus Sancti Galli . In it Tuotilo is named together with Notker Balbulus and Ratpert as a student of Isos in the seven liberal arts . According to Ekkehard, the three monks were close friends. Tuotilo is portrayed as a muscular man with a clear voice. He is also highlighted as a poet, musician, painter, goldsmith and creator of fine carvings, especially the ivory tablets of the Gospel Longum .

On the other hand, there are nine mentions of Tuotilos in various functions in the documents of the St. Gallen monastery.

  1. Presbyter (priest) on March 30, 895. E. G. Rüsch deduces a year of birth around 850 from this first documentary mention.
  2. Cellerarius (economic administrator) on July 2, 898. According to the Benedictine rules , the function of economic administrator requires a solid personality who is mature in character .
  3. Sacratarius (administrator of the sacristy) anno 902. Although this responsible function is not mentioned in the Benedictine rules, it will, according to E. G. Rüsch, “roughly coincide with today's mesmeric office ”.
  4. Hospitarius (guest attendant ) certificate 4 to 9. The last documentary evidence is provided from 904 to 912 as a guest attendant. This, too, is an entirely responsible position. In connection with other findings, E. G. Rüsch deduces from these documents April 27, 913 as the date of death.

There are different statements about the origin of Tuotilos. Tuotilo is Irish by birth in the English Wikipedia . EG Rüsch, on the other hand, based on Ekkehard's report, quite convincingly suggests that Tuotilo is of Alemannic descent.

In the English literature, the English Wikipedia and other English Internet sources, the date of name and death is usually given as March 28th. In German-language literature, however, April 27 is mentioned as the date of name and death and mostly 913 as the year of death.

Tuotilo was never officially beatified or even canonized, but was still up to about the 17th century. Venerated as a saint in St. Gallen and the surrounding area by means of a popular canonization . You can still find a representation of Tuotilo as a monk with a palette and brush in the St. Gallen collegiate church . The St. Katarina chapel was nicknamed St. Tuotilo or simply St. Güetelen , which according to EG Rüsch is a variant of Tutilo.

In Gustav Schwab there is an anecdote about a confrontation with Tuotilos Sindolf based on Ekkehard's report: Sindolf overheard in secret outside the window a conversation between the three fellow monks. When the three of them notice this, Notker goes into the church and Ratpert goes outside the house to beat Sindolf with a whip. In the meantime Tuotilo has opened the window and pulls Sindolf vigorously by the hair. He explains to the monks who rush over because of the shouting, when it can be seen that Sindolf is the victim: Woe to me that I have laid my hand on the bishop's confidante .

Ekkehard describes Tuotilo's various journeys in monastic affairs. Among other things, he worked as a fabric buyer in Mainz and as an artist in Metz.

plant

In the Codices sangallenses there are still some works that are wholly or partly attributed to Tuotilo.

Here is a selection:

  • St. Gallen, Abbey Library, Cod. Sang. 53, ivory binding for the Gospel Longum. These ivory panels are probably Tuotilo's most important carving.
  • St. Gallen, Abbey Library, Cod. Sang. 382, untitled. This codex contains, among other things, the tropics of Tuotilo.
  • St. Gallen, Abbey Library, Cod. Sang. 484, St. Gallen Tropar. This manuscript contains, among other things, the well-known Hodie cantandus est ... (p. 13 to p. 17).
  • St. Gallen, Abbey Library, Cod. Sang. 546, Collectio S. Gallensis troporum et sequentiarum

According to Ekkehard, Tuotilo was active in a variety of artistic fields.

He particularly highlights him as an important author of tropes . Since tropes, unlike the sequences, are usually not associated with an author's name, it is usually not easy to associate Tuotilo with a specific trope. For this reason, reference should only be made to the Christmas tropus Hodie cantandus , which is generally attributed to Tuotilo, at least in parts. Tuotilo not only wrote tropes, but, according to Ekkehard, made music himself (harp and singing) and gave music lessons to students.

Ekkehard also praises Tuotilo as a painter and sculptor (sculptor, carver). In addition to his carvings on the ivory panels of the Evangelium Longum, which have been preserved to this day, he is said to have decorated an altar in Mainz and done a very similar job in Metz. However, none of the latter works has survived.

Emperor Karl III. is said to have regretted, according to Ekkehard, that such a talent is hidden behind monastery walls, he would have preferred Tuotilo in his entourage.

Sources and references

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  • Ekkehart von Sankt Gallen, IV. (980-1056): Casus Sancti Galli , St. Galler Klostergeschichten, transl. By Hans F. Haefele, 4th edition, Darmstadt 2002, ISBN 3-534-01417-0 , Cod. Sang. 615
  1. ↑ EvSG, from p. 85, description and facsimiles in the e-codices
  • Anton von Euw : St. Gallen book art from the 8th to the end of the 11th century. (Monasterium Sancti Galli 3) St. Gallen 2008, St. Gallen, accessed on October 23, 2009, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 53
  1. ↑ AvE, pp. 425–431, no. 108, description and facsimile of the manuscript in the e-codices
  • Beat Matthias von Scarpatetti : The manuscripts of the St. Gallen Abbey Library. Vol. 2: Section III / 2: Codices 450–546: Liturgica, Libri precum, German prayer books, Spritualia, Misik manuscripts 9. – 16. Century (in press), accessed October 23, 2009, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 484
  1. ↑ BMvS, p. Nnn, description and facsimile of the manuscript in the e-codices
  • Gustav Scherrer: Directory of the manuscripts of the Abbey Library of St. Gallen. Halle 1875, accessed on October 23, 2009, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 382 and 546
  1. ↑ GS, p. 131, description and facsimile of the manuscript in the e-codices
  2. ↑ GS, pp. 163–167, description and facsimile of the manuscript in the e-codices

Literature and references

  1. ↑ a b ADB from p. 28
  • Ernst Gerhard Rüsch: Tuotilo: monk and artist; Contributions to the knowledge of his personality. St. Gallen, 1953, treatise on obtaining a doctorate from the theological faculty of the University of Zurich
  1. ↑ a b c d EGR, pp. 5-7.
  2. ↑ EGR, p. 10
  3. ↑ EGR, p. 8
  4. ↑ EGR, p. 9
  5. ↑ EGR, p. 69
  6. ↑ EGR, p. 15ff.
  7. ↑ EGR, pp. 32-33.
  8. ↑ EGR, p. 30ff.
  9. ↑ EGR, p. 57, p. 59
  • Erwin Poeschel: The art monuments of the canton of St. Gallen. Volume III, Basel 1961
  1. ↑ EP, p. 70, p. 85
  2. ↑ EP, p. 176, p. 290
  3. ↑ EP, p. 70
  • Karl Heinrich Wörner: History of music: a study and reference book. 8th edition, revised by Wolfgang Gratzer, edited by Lenz Meierott, Göttingen 1993, ISBN 3-525-27812-8
  1. ↑ KHW, p. 57
  • Alban Butler: Butler′s lives of the saints. Ed., Rev. and suppl. by Herbert Thurston and Donald Attwater, Part: 1: January, February, March, 2nd ed., London 1956
  1. ↑ AB, p. 696
  1. ↑ JDRS, pp. 18/19
  2. ↑ JDRS, p. 19f
  • Josef Mantuani: Tuotilo and the ivory carving on the "Evangelium longum". (= Cod. No. 53) on St. Gallen (= Studies on German Art History, issue 27), Strasbourg 1900

Web links

Commons : Tuotilo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ English Wikipedia, article Tuotilo
  2. ↑ Fios Feasa, Irish Language and Consultancy, Tutilo accessed October 7, 2009
  3. ↑ Saint Tutilo of Saint Gall, born c.850 in Ireland died c.915 at St. Gall , retrieved from SPQN on October 7, 2009
  4. ↑ Tutilo March 28 + c 915. A gifted and artistic monk at St Gall in Switzerland , accessed from Orthodox England on October 7, 2009
  5. ↑ Gustav Schwab, Switzerland in their knight castles and mountain castles , Volume 2, Verlag Johann Felix Jacob Dalp, 1830, p. 104 from Google Books, accessed on October 23, 2009
  6. ↑ Ekkehard, "History of the Vicissitudes of St. Gallen" in G. G. Coulton, ed., A Medieval Garner, (London: Constable, 1910), pp. 18–22 of Medieval Sourcebook: Ekkehard of St. Gall: Three Monks of St. Gall ( Memento of the original from March 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 7, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fordham.edu
personal data
SURNAME Tuotilo of St. Gallen
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tuotilo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Monk in the monastery of St. Gallen
DATE OF BIRTH uncertain: 850
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: April 27, 913
Place of death St. Gallen