Uilleam, 3rd Earl of Ross

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Seal of William Ross, 2nd Earl of Ross

Uilleam, 3rd Earl of Ross ( Anglicized also William Ross, 3rd Earl of Ross ) (* before 1260, † January 28, 1323 in Delny ) was a Scottish nobleman .

origin

Uilleam came from the Scottish Ross family , named after Ross in the Highlands . He was the only son of his father of the same name Uilleam, 2nd Earl of Ross and his wife Jean Comyn . After his father's death in 1274, he inherited his northern Scottish estates and the title of Earl of Ross .

Role in the Scottish succession dispute

In 1284 Ross was among the nobles who swore to succeed Margaret of Norway , the only granddaughter of King Alexander III. to acknowledge. In 1290 he was a member of the parliament that testified to the Treaty of Birgham , according to which Margaret should marry the English heir apparent Edward . However, after Margarete's death in October 1290, the line of succession was completely open. On August 1, 1291, Ross paid homage in Berwick-upon-Tweed to the English King Edward I , who was to decide on the claims of the aspirants to the Scottish throne . Ross assisted John Balliol in the process . After he was appointed the new Scottish King in 1292, he installed Ross as sheriff of the new sheriff's dome, which included the outer West Scottish islands , Skye , western Ross and Kintail .

Captivity and support of the English king

When the war against England broke out in 1296 , Ross was one of the leaders of the forces that occupied Dunbar Castle , the seat of the Earl of Dunbar , who was fighting on the English side . After the English victory in the Battle of Dunbar , he was captured by the English. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London and was not released until 1303 at the request of his wife. The English King Edward I had in the meantime fought for rule over almost all of Scotland and gave Ross the defense of the northern Scottish areas north of the Spey . When Robert Bruce rose to the rank of King of Scotland in 1306, Ross refused to do so because Bruce had recently murdered John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, who was related to Ross . When the Earl of Atholl and Bruce's wife , daughter and sister sought refuge from the English in the sanctuary of Tain , Ross captured them and handed them over to the English king.

Change of sides and support from Robert Bruce

However, after the death of Edward I in 1307, Bruce took the initiative again and began to push back English rule in Scotland. After defeating the Earl of Buchan at the Battle of Inverurie , he turned against Ross, who was now his main adversary in northern Scotland. Ross asked the new English King Edward II several times for support, but after this failed to materialize, he concluded an armistice, initially limited to June 2, 1308. Bruce was able to submit more of his Scottish opponents in the time, so that Ross had to submit on October 31, 1308 in the castle of Auldearn Bruce. The underage Earl of Sutherland , who was a ward of his younger son John, also submitted with Ross . The bishops David Murray von Moray and Thomas of Dundee von Ross stood up for Ross. The king treated him with indulgence and Ross was allowed to keep his title and possessions. The king insisted, however, that Ross had to pay for six chaplains who were supposed to pray for the salvation of the Earl of Atholl, who was executed in 1306. This had been captured by Ross, although he had violated the sanctuary. Ross and his eldest son Hugh attended the first parliament held by Bruce as king in 1309. As a result, he was a loyal supporter of the king. He fought at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 and was one of the eight Scottish earls who sealed the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320 . In 1321 he was able to acquire Dingwall .

Marriage and offspring

Ross had married Euphemia, whose origin is unknown. She was probably from Edinburghshire . With her he had three sons and at least one daughter:

His heir became his eldest son, Hugh. His second son, John, married Margaret, a daughter of Alexander Comyn . She became a partial heir of her uncle John Comyn, 7th Earl of Buchan. The marriage remained childless, so that after her death her inheritance fell to her sister or her descendants.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 63.
  2. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 76.
  3. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 104.
  4. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 228.
  5. ↑ Michael Penman: Robert the Bruce. King of the Scots . Yale University Press, New Haven 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-14872-5 , p. 107.
  6. ↑ Michael Penman: Robert the Bruce. King of the Scots . Yale University Press, New Haven 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-14872-5 , p. 109.
  7. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, pp. 250-252.
  8. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 438.
  9. ↑ Michael Penman: Robert the Bruce. King of the Scots . Yale University Press, New Haven 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-14872-5 , pp. 140.
  10. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 384.
predecessor Office successor
Uilleam Earl of Ross
1274-1323 		Aodh
personal data
SURNAME Uilleam, 3rd Earl of Ross
ALTERNATIVE NAMES William Ross, 3rd Earl of Ross
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Scottish nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH before 1260
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1323
Place of death Delny