University Villages (Leipzig)

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The university villages (red = "old", green = "new")

In order to secure the material basis of the University of Leipzig , the sovereign gave it the basic rule over some villages northeast and east of the city, the university villages . In the beginning these were Merkwitz , Hohenheida and Gottscheina , which were later also called "old" university villages, and then Holzhausen , Zuckelhausen , Kleinpösna , Wolfshain and Zweenfurth .

history

In 1438, Elector Friedrich II of Saxony and his brother Wilhelm transferred the feudal lordship over the villages of Merkwitz, Hohenheida and Gottscheina to the University of Leipzig ; this was recorded in a document. The farmers in the villages had to pay fees to the university, which concerned both money and natural produce such as geese, chickens, grain and flax. Nevertheless, these services were lower than those of the villages that belonged to manors. Thus the status of the university village was to be seen as a certain privilege.

When the secularized Dominican monastery in Leipzig became the property of the university in the course of the Reformation, the university also became the landlord and court lord of the “new” university villages of Holzhausen, Zuckelhausen, Kleinpösna, Wolfshain and Zweenfurth. In a document dated April 22, 1544, Duke Moritz and his brother August confirmed this acquisition of ownership.

The major provost office and the major trial committee were responsible for the administration of the university villages. In the Constitution of the Grand Provosty, the amount of the taxes and the forms of cooperation were laid down. At the turn of the year, the grand prostitute was usually the first or third professor in the law faculty; in the administrative year 1748/49 it was Johann Christoph Gottsched . In addition to the control of the village lower court, the grand provost was also responsible for the higher court or the “embarrassing neck court”, in which prison sentences in the Pleißenburg or the death penalty could be imposed. The Grand Provost and other professors initially traveled to the villages two to three times a year, and later only once, to attend the so-called Annual Judgment, at which minor cases were heard. The farmers had to host a feast after the trial. As this became more and more the main reason for traveling, the annual dishes were abolished. The last one took place in 1753. As part of the 600th anniversary of the University of Leipzig, the Faculty of Law and the Hohenheida and Merkwitz Citizens' Associations carried out an annual judgment on June 21, 2009 on the village green of Hohenheida.

With the agrarian reform of 1832 , the landlord was also replaced for the university villages. The jurisdiction exercised by the university over the university villages was transferred to the Leipzig district office in 1852/53 .

Today Merkwitz belong to Taucha , Wolfshain to Brandis and Zweenfurth to Borsdorf . The other former university villages were incorporated into Leipzig .

additional

The University of Wittenberg also owned the same way as the Leipzig university villages. One of them, for example, had been Piesteritz since 1507 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hohenheida as a university village on the website (PDF; 12 kB) of the Hohenheida Citizens' Association
  2. ↑ The transfer of the Dominican monastery to the university in 1543 and the improvement of its economic foundation. In: Alma Mater Lipsiensis 1409-2009
  3. ↑ a b Transferred with all “nuczen and belongings” - In eight villages around Leipzig, the university was in charge for 400 years. In: Worth knowing - 600 years of Leipzig University. ( Memento from May 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 669 kB), p. 5
  4. ^ Blaschke: The five new university villages . P. 93.
  5. ^ State Archive Leipzig ( Memento from December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Kenneth G. Appold: Orthodoxy as Consensus Building: The Theological Disputation System at the University of Wittenberg between 1570 and 1710 . Mohr Siebeck, ISBN 3-16-148215-8 , p. 98.
  7. Jump up ↑ bert-wen.de ( Memento from February 12th 2013 in the web archive archive.today )

literature

  • Enno Bünz : foundation and development. The late medieval University of Leipzig 1409–1539. In: History of the University of Leipzig 1409–2009. Volume 1. Leipzig 2010, ISBN 978-3-86583-301-3 , pp. 21-325.
  • Karlheinz Blaschke : The five new university villages. In: Scientific journal of the University of Leipzig. 1951/52, pp. 76-125.