Tailed nettle
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Tailed nettle ( Urtica membranacea ) |
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The tailed nettle ( Urtica membranous ), also membranous nettle or Broad nettle called, is a plant from the genus of nettle ( Urtica ). It occurs in the Mediterranean area.
description
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The tailed nettle is an annual , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 80 centimeters. The upright, simple or short branched stem is sparsely covered with stinging hairs . The opposite leaves are ovate, pointed, with a slightly heart-shaped base and a roughly serrated edge. They become 2 to 6 (to 10) centimeters long and up to 5 centimeters wide. Globular pearl glands appear on the leaf blade and petioles . The stipules of two opposite leaves are fused in pairs, so that there are apparently only two lanceolate stipules per node. The cystolites are elongated.
The tailed nettle is monoecious with male and female flowers in separate partial inflorescences on the same plant, more rarely also dioecious . The partial inflorescences are in pairs in the leaf axils. In the upper part of the plant are the thin, not branched, tail-like protruding spike-like inflorescences with the violet overflowing male flowers , whose pedicels are very short and which are all on the upper side of the clearly winged main axis. With a length of 3 to 9 cm, they are as long as the bracts or protrude beyond them. The racemose partial inflorescences with the female flowers are in the lower part of the plant. With a length of 1 to 4 cm, they are shorter than the bracts and have a less strongly winged main axis.
The shiny achene fruits are ovate-compressed and measure 1.25–1.5 × 0.7–0.9 mm.
The tailed nettle flowers from February to September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22, 24 or 26.
Occurrence
The tailed nettle is distributed throughout the Mediterranean region ( Portugal to Israel ), but has larger distribution gaps in the eastern Mediterranean region and is absent in Albania, Syria, Jordan and Egypt. It also occurs with differently rated status on all main islands of the Canary Islands (except Lanzarote), Madeira and the Azores . From the Portuguese and Spanish Atlantic coasts, the distribution extends northwards to Brittany . More or less stable neophytic occurrences exist in Belgium and on the British Isles (there especially in London ).
It grows in nitrogen-rich places in gardens, on roadsides and in ruderal places.
Taxonomy
Urtica membranacea was first published in 1789 by Jean Louis Marie Poiret . Synonyms are Urtica dubia Forssk. nom. inval. and Urtica caudata Vahl non Burm.f.
use
In Sicily the tailed nettle is used as a leaf vegetable. The leaves are eaten cooked in the form of nettle-spinach or a soup (often in combination with other wild herbs) can be made.
The seeds of the tailed nettle can also be used medicinally. Thus, although it has not been proven from Egypt, various publications from there claim that it was used as an aphrodisiac as well as for breast diseases or when menstruation is absent or too weak . In Greece in the 19th century it was both eaten and used in medicine for breast ailments.
literature
- Hanno Schäfer: Flora of the Azores, A Field Guide . Markgraf, Weikersheim 2002, ISBN 3-8236-1368-5 , p. 50 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Straka, Haeupler, Llorens García, Orell, Guide to the flora of Mallorca , Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-437-20374-6 , page 93
- ↑ a b c d e f Peter W. Ball, Dimitri V. Geltman: Urtica. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 80 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ A b Hugh Algernon Weddell: Monograph de la famille des Urticées. In: Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Volume 9, No. 1–2, 1856, pp. 1–592 (here: p. 93), digitized
- ↑ Gabriella Corsi, Francesca Maffei: Urtica membranacea pearl glands. I. Morpho-ontogenetic and histochemical aspects. In: Phyton (horn). Volume 32, 1992, pp. 235-245, PDF.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Jorge Paiva: Urtica . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Carlos Aedo, Santos Cirujano, Manuel Laínz, Pedro Montserrat, Ramón Morales, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Carmen Navarro, Jorge Paiva, Carlos Soriano (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Vol. III. Plumbaginaceae (partim) - Capparaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1993, ISBN 84-00-07375-4 , p. 263, 267 ( floraiberica.es [PDF]).
- ^ A b CC Townsend: Urtica. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7 (Orobanchaceae to Rubiaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1982, ISBN 0-85224-396-0 , pp. 634 .
- ↑ René Maire (Gre.), Pierre Quézel (Ed.): Flore de l'Afrique du Nord. Volume VII: Dicotyledonae: Clé générale, Archichlamydeae: Casuarinales - Polygonales. Lechevalier, Paris 1961, p. 153 (PDF; 16.7 MB). ( Memento of the original from January 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Pertti Uotila: Urticaceae. Urtica membranacea In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
- ↑ a b Alain Dobignard: Base de Données de la Flore d'Afrique du Nord (BDFAN). Tela Botanica (accessed on August 15, 2010) ( Memento of the original from July 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Alfred Hansen, Per Sunding: Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants . In: Sommerfeltia . 4th edition. tape 17 , 1993, p. 192-193 .
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 3. Salicaceae to Balanophoraceae. Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1976, ISBN 951-9108-02-5 , p. 92.
- ↑ Antoon de Rycke, Wouter van Landuyt, Ivan Hoste: Mediterranean brandnetels in Ghent: Urtica pilulifera en Urtica membranacea. In: Dumortiera. Volume 100, 2012, pp. 29-32, PDF .
- ^ Clive A. Stace: New Flora of the British Isles. 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5 , p. 285.
- ↑ In: Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck : Encyclopédie méthodique: Botanique. Volume 4, 1798, p. 638, digitized .
- ↑ J. McNeill, FR Barrie, HM Burdet, V. Demoulin, DL Hawksworth, K. Marhold, DH Nicolson, J. Prado, AJ Silverside, JE Skog, J. Wiersema, NJ Turland (Eds.): International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July 2005. In: Regnum Vegetabile. Volume 146, 2006, Art. 23.6b, example 10 online .
- ↑ Francesca Lentini, Francesca Venza: Wild food plants of popular use in Sicily. In: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine . Volume 3, 2007, p. 15, doi: 10.1186 / 1746-4269-3-15 (English).
- ^ Urtica . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 16, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 18.
- ↑ Heidelore Kluge: Stinging nettle: medicinal plant and more. Haug, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-7760-1751-1 , p. 24.
- ↑ Ferdinand Ludwig Strumpf: Systematic Handbook of Pharmaceutical Science. Volume 2, Th. Chr. F. Enslin, Berlin 1855, p. 431 ( preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Theodor von Heldreich: The useful plants of Greece. Athens 1862, p. 80 ( preview in Google book search).
