Vanilla phaeantha
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Vanilla phaeantha is a plant from the genus vanilla ( Vanilla ) in the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). The climbing plant is found in the Caribbean islands .
description
Vanilla phaeantha is an evergreen long climber. The shoot reaches several meters in length with a diameter of about one centimeter, it is occasionally branched. The leaves are narrow oval to elongated in shape, tapering to a point at the front. The leaf length is 7.5 to 17.5 centimeters and 2 to 5 centimeters wide.
The short, 3 to 5 centimeters (- 8 centimeters) measuring, racemose inflorescence axis carries up to twelve flowers . The oval, concave bracts reach 2.5 centimeters long by 1.5 centimeters wide. The ovary becomes 4 to 8 inches long. The petals are green , except for the creamy white lip . The sepals are lanceolate, widest above the center, 7 to 9 inches long and 1.3 to 2 inches wide. The upward-pointing sepal is slightly larger and ends bluntly, the sides are slightly crescent-shaped and curved downwards and end pointed. The petals are with 6.5 to 8 centimeters in length and 1 to 1.5 centimeter of width slightly smaller than the outer petals, also somewhat thinner in texture, but otherwise same looking. On the outside, the central rib stands out as a protruding keel. The lip becomes as long as the outer petals, it reaches 3.5 to 4 centimeters wide. At the base it is fused with the column to form a tube. The lip is indistinctly three-lobed, the side lobes are turned up, the anterior free part of the lip is spread out, curled at the edge, slightly drawn in at the tip. In the middle of the lip there is a tuft of hair that continues to the base in two warty keels. The white column becomes 6.5 inches long and is hairy on the underside. The fruit is described as a berry , i.e. not opening, or as a capsule fruit . It becomes 7 to 10 centimeters long and about an inch thick.
distribution
Vanilla phaeantha is known from various Caribbean islands (Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Trinidad and the Lesser Antilles) as well as from Florida. There are contradicting data on the distribution on the Central and South American mainland: Portères also specifies Puerto Rico as an area, Govaerts sees in the Kew Checklist a wide area in Central America, which extends from Mexico via Costa Rica and El Salvador to Panama. In their overview of the genus Vanilla , Soto Arenas and Cribb only give Yucatán and Venezuela in addition to the Caribbean occurrences.
Systematics and botanical history
This orchid was described by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1865 .
Within the genus Vanilla , Vanilla phaeantha is classified in the sub-genus Xanata and there in the section Xanata , which only contains species of the Neotropics . Closer relatives can be found in a group of species around Vanilla odorata and Vanilla planifolia , of which Vanilla bahiana from Brazil is most likely to be related.
literature
- Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde . In: Gilbert Bouriquet (ed.): Encyclopédie Biologique . tape XLVI . Paul Lechevalier, Paris 1954.
- James D. Ackerman: Vanilla . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . tape 26 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2002, pp. 509 ( efloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Roland Portères: Le Genre Vanilla et ses Espèces. In: Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde. P. 233.
- ↑ a b c James D. Ackerman: Vanilla phaeantha. In: Flora of North America. Volume 26, p. 509.
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Vanilla phaeantha. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ↑ a b Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Phillip Cribb: A new infrageneric classification and synopsis of the genus Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. (Orchidaceae: Vanillinae) . In: Lankesteriana . tape 9 , no. 3 , 2010, p. 387 ( ucr.ac.cr [PDF; 692 kB ]).