Thread Speedwell

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Thread Speedwell
Thread speedwell (veronica filiformis)

Thread speedwell ( veronica filiformis )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Tribe : Veroniceae
Genre : Speedwell ( Veronica )
Type : Thread Speedwell
Scientific name
Veronica filiformis
Sm.

The thread speedwell ( Veronica filiformis ) is a flowering plant in the family of plantain plants (Plantaginaceae). In Central Europe it is one of the neophytes .

description

The species reproduces mainly vegetatively, the fruits are mostly stunted. The front sepals have been removed here to reveal the completely undeveloped fruit.
The bracts are rounded and slightly notched.
Flower stalk with glandular hairs.

The Faden-Ehrenpreis is a furious, hairy, perennial herbaceous plant . The prostrate stems can reach a length of up to 50 centimeters. They are thin, threadlike, and take root at the nodes.

The leaves are stalked. The leaf blade has a rounded shape with a length of up to 15 millimeters. They are opposite on non-flowering stems, but alternate on flowering stems.

Since the bracts of the flowers are shaped like the leaves, it appears as if the flowers stand individually in the leaf axils. The flower stalks are relatively long. The corolla is flat. Three of the four petals are pale blue and have darker stripes. The fourth petal, on the other hand, is usually white to light bluish. The flowers contain only two stamens , occasionally flowers with one or three stamens occur. The flowering period extends from March to June.

The capsule fruit is between 4 and 5 millimeters long and just as wide. However, it is only very rarely found in Europe (see below; Ecology).

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The Faden-Ehrenpreis is a chamaephyte and hemicryptophyte with thread-like creeping rungs up to 50 cm long, lying close to the ground. The plant is spring green d. H. the leaves are no longer available in summer. Because of this, and because of the low growth and the short and early flowering period, the very widespread and conspicuous species is often overlooked.

The Faden-Ehrenpreis is self-sterile , which means that it is dependent on cross- pollination of another genotype. However, since populations usually only consist of one genotype , we do not produce fruit.

Vegetative propagation takes place through torn off and rooting stalk pieces. Mowing the lawn is likely to play an important role in the spread.

Thread speedwell ( veronica filiformis )

Occurrence

The original distribution area of ​​the Faden-Ehrenpreis is in the Caucasus, Northern Anatolia, Armenia and the Crimea . It was introduced to Central Europe as an ornamental plant around 1900 and has been naturalized since around 1930. The Faden-Ehrenpreis has run wild in many places as a so-called garden refugee. It is therefore one of the so-called neobiota in Central Europe . According to Oberdorfer, it is an intolerant lawn pest.

The Faden-Ehrenpreis blooms on hay meadows, pastures, park lawns, on paths and in gardens. It prefers fresh, nutrient-rich, lime-poor, humus-rich, sandy or loamy soils. The creeping pioneer is a light penumbra and somewhat warmth-loving. The species is very vigorous in meadows and is therefore also considered a meadow pest. The thread speedwell is the character species of the ryegrass - crested grass - willow ( Lolio perennis-Cynosuretum cristati ). According to Erich Oberdorfer, it is a character species of the Crepido-capillaris-Festucetum rubrae from the Cynosurion Association in Central Europe.

literature

  • Spohn, Margarete and Roland: Which flower is that? The new Kosmos nature guides. Stuttgart, Franckh-Kosmos Verlag 2007, page 155, ISBN 978-3-440-10795-9 .
  • Rita Lüder: Basic course in plant identification , Quelle & Meyer Verlag, page 257
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 . .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 841 .
  2. ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Plantaginaceae : data sheet Veronica filiformis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Faden-Ehrenpreis ( Veronica filiformis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files