Viaduc de Rouzat
Coordinates: 46 ° 8 ′ 16 ″ N , 3 ° 8 ′ 55 ″ E
| Viaduc de Rouzat | ||
|---|---|---|
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| use | Railway bridge | |
| Crossing of | Sioule , D 37 | |
| place | Rouzat | |
| construction | Truss-girder bridge | |
| overall length | 181 m | |
| width | 4.50 m | |
| Number of openings | three | |
| Pillar spacing | 58 m | |
| height | 58.90 m | |
| start of building | 1868 | |
| opening | 1871 | |
| planner |
Wilhelm Nördling , Gustave Eiffel |
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| location | ||
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The Viaduc de Rouzat , also called Viaduc de la Sioule , is a railway viaduct on the route from Commentry to Gannat in the Allier department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region .
The Viaduc de Rouzat crosses the Sioule and the D 37 , which also crosses the river under it, at the town of Rouzat at a distance of around 8 kilometers from Gannat.
history
The Viaduc de Rouzat is one of the four cast and wrought iron viaducts that were built along with the route between 1868 and 1871 on behalf of the Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans (PO) . All four viaducts correspond to a uniform pattern that Wilhelm Nördling , as the chief engineer of the railway PO, who has been working in France for a long time, was generally called there, had designed as a further development of the Viaduc de Busseau also planned and recently completed .
Nördling commissioned Gustave Eiffel , who became known to him as the construction manager of the railway bridge over the Garonne in Bordeaux , who had just opened his own ironworks in Levallois-Perret near Paris, with the metal construction of the Viaduc de Rouzat and the Viaduc de Neuvial, Eiffel's first independently executed bridges. Eiffel prepared the detailed planning, which, with Nördling's approval, deviated from his draft plan in some points. Eiffel introduced a number of changes that were also adopted for subsequent bridges.
description
The 181 m long Viaduct Rouzat consists of a 162 m long wrought iron road carrier, otherwise known as originally envisaged by Nördling, not out of lattice girders , but from two trusses with lined-up Andrew's cross is formed and its appearance is thus adapts to the piers. The roadway girder is 4.50 m wide and has a construction height of 4.54 m. At both ends, high above the valley, there are brick abutments , the left of which crosses a rock ledge with a large round arch.
The carriageway girder is supported by two iron pillars standing on mighty stone bases, which divide it into three bridge fields of 55.125 m + 57.75 m + 49.125 m. One of the pillars is in the Sioule river bed, the other between the road and the slope of the gorge.
The supporting elements of the pillars are four cast iron, 5 m high tubes, which are arranged one above the other on nine levels and are connected and stiffened by St. Andrew's cross and horizontal struts. The pipes were also filled with concrete. They have an outside diameter of 50 cm, their wall thicknesses decrease from 4.5 cm upwards to 3.0 cm. The pillars have a so-called suit, i. H. their outer edges are slightly inclined inwards, so that the projection of their lines meet at a point 40 m above the tracks. The pillar head is an unadorned 2.50 mx 3.50 m platform on which the bearings of the track girder are mounted. The lower three floors are reinforced by support tubes that are spread across the roadway and anchored deep in the pillar base.
The carriageway girder was installed on a construction site on the route above the left bank of the river and pushed in by the length of a bridge span across the valley so that it could be used as a crane for building the piers. Eiffel developed a feed carriage with a balance beam to distribute the weight of the girder evenly.
In November 1870, tests were carried out with rolling trains. After an exceptionally cold winter and the end of the Franco-German War , the line was initially only opened to military trains on March 8, 1871, and to civilian traffic on June 19, 1871.
The Viaduc de Rouzat has been a listed building since 1965 . Extensive renovation work was carried out.
literature
- Wilhelm Nordling: Documents relatifs aux viaducs métalliques de la ligne Commentry à Gannat . In: Annales des Ponts et Chaussées , 4th Série 1870 N ° 247, September 1, 1870, pp. 125-187 ( digitized on Gallica (SER4, VOL1, T19))
- Wilhelm Nördling: The metal viaducts of the Commentry-Gannat line (translated into German by Friedrich Benedikt). : Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 1874, pp. 72–77 (text) (online at ANNO ). and Wilhelm Nördling: The metal viaducts of the Commentry-Gannat line. : Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 1874, pp. 81–92 (text) (online at ANNO ). and Wilhelm Nördling: The metal viaducts of the Commentry-Gannat line. : Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 1874, pp. 95–97 (plans) (online at ANNO ).
Web links
- Historic photo , on Gallica
- Viaduc de la Sioule: inset on September 7, 1869 , on Gallica
Individual evidence
- ↑ Viaduc de Rozat. In: Structurae
- ↑ Michel Carmona: Eiffel. Fayard, 2002.
- ↑ Notice n ° PA00092987 on Base Mérimée
- ^ Travaux Plan Rail Auvergne: rénovation du viaduc de Rouzat article dated December 2, 2013 on Réseau Ferrée de France