Viaduc de Busseau
Coordinates: 46 ° 7 '23 " N , 2 ° 1' 36" E
| Viaduc de Busseau | ||
|---|---|---|
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| use | Railway bridge | |
| Crossing of | Creuse , D 16, D 50 | |
| place | Ahun , OT Busseau-sur-Creuse | |
| construction | Lattice girder bridge | |
| overall length | 338.70 m | |
| width | 8 m | |
| Number of openings | six | |
| Longest span | 50 m | |
| height | 56.50 m | |
| start of building | December 1863 | |
| completion | December 1864 | |
| planner | Wilhelm Nördlinger u. a. | |
| location | ||
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The Viaduct Busseau is a railway viaduct on the route from Montlucon on Saint-Sulpice-Laurière to Limoges in France and leads from the territory of the municipality Cressat in Creuse in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine on the Creuse to the station of Busseau la Creuse , a district of the municipality of Ahun .
history
The Viaduc de Busseau, built between 1863 and 1865 on behalf of the Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans (PO) , was the first high bridge structure in France in which both the bridge girder and the piers were made of wrought iron and cast iron .
Contrary to widespread information, it was not planned or built by Gustave Eiffel , who did not start his company in Levallois-Perret until 1867, but by Wilhelm Nördling , as the chief engineer of the PO Railway, who had been working in France for a long time, was generally called there.
In his planning, Nördling took into account the Portage Bridge in the USA , the Crumlin Viaduct in South Wales , the first Sitter Viaduct near St. Gallen and the first Grandfey Viaduct near Freiburg in Switzerland , which he himself had been involved in planning - all over the years previously completed high railway bridges.
The Viaduc de Busseau was again the template for Nördling's next project, the route from Commentry to Gannat with the Viaduc de la Bouble and the Viaduc de Rouzat, among others .
description
The total of 338.70 m long bridge structure crosses the Creuse at a height of 56.5 m. It was originally double-tracked, but was later converted to single-track operation. It consists of five iron pillars standing on mighty stone plinths , which together with the masonry pillars of the fore bridges that serve as abutments support a 286.5 m long and 8 m wide lattice girder beam on which the tracks lie. The four central openings have spans of 50 m each, the two outer ones of 45.25 m and 41.25 m respectively.
The pillars have a so-called suit , i. H. their outer edges are slightly inclined inwards so that the projection of their lines meet at a point 38.9 m above the tracks. The height of the tracks above the stone bases of the three central pillars is also 38.9 m. With these proportions Nördling intended to create an appealing image of the bridge, which was particularly important to him given the multitude of visually overlapping lattice and framework lines.
The stone plinths of the three central pillars all reach the same height. The highest base has a height of 17.90 m above its foundation and a base area of 12.94 m x 15.29 m. The heads of the bases all have a footprint of 4.80 mx 6.53 m. They are made of granite masonry stone, the heads are made of two layers of Volvic - Basalt , both occurring in the surrounding materials.
The three central iron pillars are 33.85 m high. At the base they have dimensions of 3.40 mx 10.20 m, at the top of 2.00 m x 6.00 m. The two outer pillars are a little shorter because of the slope. Its load-bearing elements are eight cast-iron, 4.50 m high pipes, which are arranged in only two rows and on seven floors , and are connected and stiffened by wrought-iron St. Andrew's crosses . The pipes have an outside diameter of 0.35 m, their wall thickness decreases from 5.5 cm on the first floor to 4.0 cm on the two upper floors. These pipes stand on eight round, 1.20 m high, also cast iron feet, which are connected to one another by cast iron framework. The top of the pillars is shaped like a kind of capital , which, including the bearings, is 1.15 m high.
In order to better absorb wind loads, the pipes are stiffened by inner tie rods, which are anchored in the base and tensioned and fastened on the top of the pillars with screws.
The carriageway girder with a construction height of 4.43 m consists of 4 lattice girders, which are arranged next to each other at a center distance of 2 m and connected by a framework. As was first carried out by Ferdinand Mathieu at the Grandfey Viaduct, the track girder was pushed in using the incremental launching method . H. section by section on the stretch in front of the bridge and then pushed so far across the valley that a small crane mounted on it could be used to assemble the first pillar. The process was repeated until the girder reached the opposite abutment.
The construction was carried out by predecessors of the companies Fives-Lille and Etablissement Cail .
The bridge has been a listed building since 1975.
literature
- Wilhelm Nordling: Sur les piles en charpente métallique des grands viaducs . In: Annales des Ponts et Chaussées , 4th Série, 1864, 2nd semestre. Dunod, Paris 1864, pp. 1–126 ( digitized on Gallica )
- Wilhelm Nördling: About bridge piers made of metal carpentry (edited by Friedrich Benedikt). : Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 1868, SS 318–347 (online at ANNO ). and Wilhelm Nördling: About bridge piers made of metal carpentry (edited by Friedrich Benedikt). : Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 1868, SS 351–383 (online at ANNO ).
Web links
- Historical photos on Gallica (also from the now defunct Viaduc de la Cère )
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Nordling: Sur les piles en charpente métallique des grands viaducs, pp. 2–7
- ↑ The information in this article is based, unless otherwise stated, on: Exposition Universelle à Philadelphie en 1876: Viaduc Métallique de Busseau-D'Ahun. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 1876, p. 23 f. ( Digitized on le Cnum - Conservatoire numérique des Arts et Métiers )
- ^ Wilhelm Nordling: Sur les piles en charpente métallique des grands viaducs, pp. 12-16
- ↑ Notice n ° PA00099984 on Base Mérimée