Four-leaved nailwort

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Four-leaved nailwort
Four-leaved nailwort (Polycarpon tetraphyllum)

Four-leaved nailwort ( Polycarpon tetraphyllum )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Genre : Nail herbs ( polycarpon )
Type : Four-leaved nailwort
Scientific name
Polycarpon tetraphyllum
( L. ) L.

The four-leaf nail herb ( Polycarpon tetraphyllum ) is a plant from the genus of the nail herbs ( Polycarpon ) within the family of Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Illustration from Flora Graeca , Volume 2, plate 102
Stems, leaves and flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The four-leaved nail herb is an annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 20 centimeters. The more or less branched stems are ribbed and bare.

The simple, small and short-stalked, bare leaves are ovate to obovate and have rough edges. They are entire and rounded or pointed. The middle leaves are in four-fold pseudo whorls , the others are opposite. There are small, membranous and pointed stipules .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from March to September. The stalked flowers are more or less dense in zymose inflorescences with membranous bracts .

The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers are usually five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are whitish-skin-margined, pointed and green to reddish, keeled and 2 to 2.5 millimeters long. The usually five white petals are somewhat smaller than the alternating sepals. There are one to five short stamens . The ovary is on top. There are three very short branches of the style .

Small and multi-seeded capsule fruits are formed in the permanent calyx. The approximately 0.5 millimeter large seeds are brown and bumpy-warty.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32, 48 and approx. 64.

Occurrence

Polycarpon tetraphyllum is native to North Africa , Europe, the Arabian Peninsula and West Asia . In North, Central and South America, Hawaii, Northeast Africa, South Africa, India, Australasia and Central Europe , Polycarpon tetraphyllum is a neophyte . The four-leaved nailwort thrives in the Mediterranean area in stepways, on roadsides and on sandy fields.

According to the list of neophytes in Germany , Polycarpon tetraphyllum is a neophyte in Germany, possibly an archaeophyte . According to FloraWeb, it occurs particularly in the northern Upper Rhine area; it was almost lost there until around 1980, but has since spread more, especially in pavement joints.

Systematics

The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Mollugo tetraphylla by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum, page 89. Linné himself put this species in Systema Naturae , 10th edition, page 881 as Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. in 1759 Polycarpon genus . Further synonyms for Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. are: Polycarpon floribundum Willk. , Polycarpaea tetraphylla (L.) EHLKrause .

One can distinguish four subspecies:

  • Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. subsp. tetraphyllum
  • Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. alsinifolium (Biv.) Ball (Syn .: Hagaea alsinifolia Biv. ): It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Portugal, Spain, the Azores, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Italy, France , in Switzerland, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Crete, in European and Asian Turkey, in the area of ​​Israel, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.
  • Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. diphyllum (Cav.) O.Bolòs & Font Quer (Syn .: Polycarpon diphyllum Cav. ): It occurs in the Azores, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, on the In the Balearic Islands, in Italy, in the former Yugoslavia, in Greece, Crete, in the Aegean Sea and in European Turkey. In the Canaries, their originality is doubtful.
  • Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. dunense (P.Fraga & Rosselló) Iamonico (Syn .: Polycarpon dunense P.Fraga & Rosselló ): She is endemic to Menorca .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 . P. 168.
  2. ↑ a b c d e AO Chater, JR Akeroyd: Polycarpon Loefl. ex L. p. 184 f. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al: Flora Europaea , 2nd edition, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press 1992, ISBN 0-521-41007-X . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ Polycarpon tetraphyllum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  4. ↑ Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L., Vierblättriges Nagelkraut. In: FloraWeb.de. .
  5. ↑ a b c d Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae. : Datasheet Polycarpon tetraphyllum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  6. ↑ a b Polycarpon tetraphyllum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 6, 2020.

Web links

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