Vincenzo Viviani
Vincenzo Viviani (born April 5, 1622 in Florence , † September 22, 1703 ibid) was an Italian mathematician and physicist .
Life
In 1639 he became an employee of Galileo Galilei and also wrote the first biography about him. Furthermore, he reconstructed the writings of Archimedes and Euclid and carried out experiments on pendulums. In 1661 he observed a clockwise deflection on long pendulums, which according to current knowledge proves the rotation of the earth (see Foucault's pendulum ). With the scientific means of his time, however, he could not interpret this effect, but only viewed it as a disruption of his attempts, which he was able to eliminate successfully through bifilar suspension. In 1666 he became the court mathematician of Grand Duke Ferdinand II. In 1696 he was elected a member ( Fellow ) of the Royal Society . Since 1699 he was a member of the Académie royale des sciences in Paris.
Vivian body
The intersection of the unit sphere with the solid cylinder
is called a Vivian body. He owns the volume
as can be demonstrated by integration in polar coordinates .
Viviani window
The intersection of the unit sphere with the full half cylinder
is called Viviani window . It owns the area
and the circumference , where the complete elliptic integral is type 2 .
Viviani moon crater
The lunar crater Viviani is named after him.
See also
Web links
- John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson : Vincenzo Viviani. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
- Viviani in the Galileo Project (English)
- Entry on Viviani, Vincenzo (1622–1703) in the Archives of the Royal Society , London
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann G. Hagen : The two independent proofs of the earth's rotation in Foucault's pendulum experiment. In: Natural Sciences . Vol. 18, No. 38, 1930, pp. 805-807, doi : 10.1007 / BF01492518 .
- ^ List of former members since 1666: Letter V. Académie des sciences, accessed on March 12, 2020 (French).
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Viviani, Vincenzo |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mathematician and physicist |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 5, 1622 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Florence |
DATE OF DEATH | September 22, 1703 |
Place of death | Florence |