Vincent de Beauvais

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Vincentius Bellovacensis: Speculum maius (Strasbourg: Johann Mentelin 1473, part 3: Speculum historiale)

Vincent de Beauvais (also Vincent de Beauvais , Latinized Vincentius Bellovacensis ; * between 1184 and 1194 ; † around 1264 in Beauvais ) was a French scholar, educator and Dominican . He was the author of the Speculum maius , the most comprehensive encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, which was revised several times between 1240 and 1260 and in the final version consists of the three parts Speculum naturale , Speculum doctrinale and Speculum historiale .

He was confidante, chaplain and librarian of King Louis IX. and tutor of his sons. His works are also significant in the history of alchemy as he quotes over 350 alchemical authors. In addition to ancient authors such as Plato , Pliny the Elder and Pedanios Dioscurides and late ancient (such as Isidore of Seville ), he also used many Arabic-speaking authors (such as Avicenna and Rhazes ).

His work served, among others, Geoffrey Chaucer as a source.

Life

Vincent studied in Paris and entered the Dominican convent of St. Jacques there before 1223, which was later assigned to the convent in Beauvais founded in 1225. From around 1247 he became a librarian at the court of King Ludwig IX.

Works

Vincent de Beauvais, Speculum historiale in a manuscript from 1340. Rome, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana , Vat. Lat. 1966, fol. 339v
  • 1247–1249 De eruditione filiorum nobilium (also: De institutione puerorum regalium ), main educational work
  • 1256 Speculum maius (first printed in 1474),
  • 1260 Liber consolatorius
  • 1260–1263 De morali principis institutione
  • Speculum morale , Strasbourg 1476 ( digitized version ) (probably not by Vincent de Beauvais)
  • Opuscula . Johann Amerbach, Basel 1481 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
  • Speculum naturale , Strasbourg 1481 ( digitized version )
  • Sermones manuales de tempore. Johann Koelhoff the Elder Ä., Cologne around 1482 ( digitized version )
  • Speculum historiale . Anton Koberger, Nuremberg 1483 ( digitized edition ) Also printed by Caxton in 1490 (as The Myrrour of the World ). His history from a Christian point of view.

The four-volume complete edition Speculum quadruplex (with the Speculum morale) appeared in Douai in 1624 and was reprinted in Graz in 1964/65.

See also

literature

  • Willem J. Aerts , Edmé R. Smits, Johan B. Voorbij (Eds.): Vincent of Beauvais and Alexander the Great. Studies on the 'Speculum Maius' and its translations into Medieval vernaculars. Egbert Forsten, Groningen 1986, ISBN 90-6980-009-8 ( Mediaevalia Groningana 7).
  • Astrik L. Gabriel: Vincent de Beauvais. A medieval educator. Knecht, Frankfurt am Main 1967.
  • Ludwig Lieser: Vincent von Beauvais as a compiler and philosopher. An examination of his theory of the soul in the Speculum maius. F. Meiner, Leipzig 1928 ( research on the history of philosophy and pedagogy. Vol. 3, no . 1, ZDB -ID 988087-2 ).
  • Michel Tarayre: La Vierge et le miracle. Le Speculum historiale de Vincent de Beauvais. Champion et al., Paris 1999, ISBN 2-7453-0075-X ( Essais sur le Moyen Age 22).
  • Rudolf Kilian Weigand: Vincent of Beauvais. Scholastic universal chronicle as a source of vernacular historiography . Olms, Hildesheim et al. 1991, ISBN 3-487-09455-X ( Germanistic texts and studies 36).
  • S. Lusignan, M. Paulmier-Foucart (Eds.): Lector et compilator. Vincent de Beauvais, frère et precheur. An intellectuel et son milieu au XIIIe siècle , Paris, Nancy, Montreal 1997
  • Alois Vogel : Literary-historical notes on the medieval scholar Vincenz von Beauvais. Freiburg i. B. 1843. ( digitized )

Web links

Commons : Vincent de Beauvais  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pötsch u. a. Lexicon of eminent chemists , Harri Deutsch 1989, entry Vincenz von Beauvais
  2. ^ Wolfgang Wegner: Vincent of Beauvais. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1445.
  3. ↑ Vincent de Beauvais: Vincentii Burgundi Bellovacensis Speculum quadruplex naturale, doctrinale, morale, historiale. Duai 1624; Reprint Graz 1964.
personal data
SURNAME Vincent de Beauvais
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vincentius Bellovacensis; Vincent de Beauvais
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French scholar, educator and Dominican
DATE OF BIRTH between 1184 and 1194
DATE OF DEATH around 1264
Place of death Beauvais