Victor Emmanuel I.
Victor Emanuel I (born July 24, 1759 in Turin , † January 10, 1824 in Moncalieri ) was King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy .
Life
Victor Emanuel I was the third son of King Victor Amadeus III. and his wife Maria Antonia of Spain . After his birth he received the title of Duke of Aosta and grew up in a very religious, almost ascetic milieu; his tutors were Papacino d'Antonio and Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil , who later became a cardinal .
He took part as commander in chief in the First Coalition War (1792–1797) against France . In 1802 he succeeded his older brother Karl Emanuel IV on the throne of Sardinia after he had abdicated. At that time, the kingdom only extended to the island of Sardinia , while the areas on the mainland were occupied by France. In 1806 he moved his residence to Cagliari and lived there more or less in exile .
After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, Viktor Emanuel got Piedmont and Savoy back, and after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 he also got the former Republic of Genoa . After the death of his brother in 1819 he became Duke of Savoy.
Victor Emanuel I married Maria Theresa of Austria-Este in Turin on April 21, 1789 and had children with her:
- Maria Beatrice (December 6, 1792 - September 15, 1840) ∞ Duke Franz IV of Modena
- Maria Adelaide (October 1, 1794 - August 2, 1795), Princess of Savoy
- Karl Emanuel (born November 3, 1796 - † August 9, 1799), Count of Vercelli
- Daughter (December 20, 1800 - January 10, 1801)
- Maria Theresa (born September 19, 1803; † July 16, 1879) ∞ Duke Charles II of Parma
- Maria Anna (born September 19, 1803; † May 4, 1884) ∞ Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria
- Maria Christina (born November 14, 1812 - January 31, 1836) ∞ King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Viktor Emanuel was a reactionary ruler who was unpopular with the people. After an uprising by the Carbonari secret society , he abdicated as King of Sardinia on March 13, 1821 in favor of his brother Karl Felix (but remained Duke of Savoy until his death). Because he was not present, he first appointed his liberal nephew Karl Albert as regent , who immediately initiated measures to liberalize the situation and passed a new constitution. A few days later, however, Karl Felix arrived with an Austrian army. He reversed the actions of Karl Albert and sent him to Spain . Nevertheless, Karl Albert became his successor in 1831.
Viktor Emanuel was a descendant of the Stuarts in the female line. He was therefore regarded by the Jacobites as the holder of the British throne after the death of his brother Karl Emanuel and referred to by them as Victor I , King of England , Scotland , Ireland and France. Viktor Emanuel never publicly claimed this title. His nominal position as heir to the House of Stuart passed to his eldest daughter, Maria Beatrix of Savoy ( Mary II ).
Special
The daughter Maria Christina of Savoy (1812–1836) is religiously venerated in the Catholic Church. On July 10, 1859, their Pope Pius IX spoke . the heroic degree of virtue and it has been allowed to be called " worthy of reverence " ever since . On May 2, 2013, Pope Francis recognized a miracle worked by Maria Christina, and on January 25, 2014 she was beatified .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael J. Walsh: Cardinals , Canterbury Press Norwich, 2009, p. 48; Excerpt from the source
- ↑ From Throne to Altar : Report of May 3, 2013 on the recognition of the miracles of several beatification candidates by Pope Francis
- ^ Britta Dörre: Beatification of Maria Christina of Savoy (1812-1844). In the Basilica of Santa Chiara in Naples on January 25, 2014. In: zenit.org of January 24, 2014.
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Charles Emanuel IV |
King of Sardinia 1802–1821 |
Karl Felix I. |
Charles Emanuel IV |
Duke of Savoy 1819–1824 |
Karl Felix I. |
Charles Emanuel IV | Victor I., Jacobite heir 1819–1824 |
Mary ii |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Victor Emmanuel I. |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Vittorio Emanuele I (Italian) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 24, 1759 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Turin |
DATE OF DEATH | January 10, 1824 |
Place of death | Moncalieri |