Vorarlbergian

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Vorarlbergerisch (also Vorarlbergisch ) is a collective term for the Austrian state of Vorarlberg common dialects of the language group of Alemannic dialects .

The traditional distribution area of ​​West Upper German (= Alemannic) dialect features in the 19th and 20th centuries

dialect

The Vorarlberg dialects belong to the Alemannic dialect continuum and sometimes differ considerably from one another. As Lake Constance , East High Alemannic and Highest Alemannic dialects (the Walser dialects), they are closely related to the neighboring dialects of Liechtenstein , Northeast Swiss and Allgäu . Vorarlberg is the only Austrian federal state in which no Bavarian dialects are spoken.

Particularly distinctive high Alemannic dialects are the Montafon , Lustenau and Bregenzerwald dialects. There are numerous regional sub-dialects in the dialect continuum, especially in the “forest” (Bregenzerwald), the Dornbirn dialect and the dialects in the Walgau and Bludenz area .

communication

Due to the Alemannic linguistic relationship, dialect communication between Vorarlbergers and most German-speaking Swiss is usually possible without any problems. Since only Bavarian dialects are spoken in the rest of Austria, the Vorarlberg dialects are not understood equally well by all Austrians.

In Vorarlbergerischen in the Alemannic not or only partially accepted frühneuhochdeutsche apply diphthongization - so it's Hus for home, min for my, Fǖr for fire - and the except in Alemannic known in parts of Tyrol beautiful place s ( bischt for you, Mascht for mast ). The use of numerous vocabulary unknown in written German (Hǟs for clothing, Gäalta for Zuber, Göbl, Goga, Goba or Gofa for children, Schmelga, Mittelbregenzerwälderisch for girls) as well as grammatical peculiarities such as the use of the Alemannic past tense i am gsĩ (I am been), i han ghaa (I had), i han gseaha (I saw), i han gsēt (I said). Since, as in almost all Upper German dialects, the past form of the verb “sein” is missing and i bin gsī is used instead of the i bin gwesn / gewest common in Bavarian-Austrian dialects , the Vorarlbergers are jokingly referred to as “Gsiberger” in the rest of Austria. The frequent use of the diminutive such as Hüsle (small house, little house) is also considered typical .

Examples

Many examples of the Vorarlberg language can be found in the list of Vorarlberg dialect expressions .

Regional differences in Walgau

( Standard German : "a stone")

Text example

From the dialect poem Der Wasser-Schada by Seeger an der Lutz (1831-1893)

A water, so clear and clear,
ma ment, as künn not si -
and yet, it pervades a,
It’s Kriesewasser gsi!
(A little water, so small and clear,
one thinks it couldn't be -
and yet, it attacks devilishly,
it was kirsch!)

Regional coloring: Thuringian ("ma ment" with a long e)

greeting

Grüaß Gott , Grüaß Di (greet you) or, depending on the time of day, Guata Morga (good morning) or Guata Obad (good evening) are widespread . More often, however, people from Vorarlberg will hear the greeting “ Servus ” (mostly pronounced as Zeawas or Seas ) or Heil (e) . This "salvation" has nothing to do with the cry of salvation from the time of National Socialism , it is a largely apolitical greeting that is only used among good friends and exclusively from Vorarlberg. Another word that many Vorarlbergers like to use is Habidere . This is derived from the polite greeting “I have the honor”. Basically, however, this greeting is used more in a casual environment. In general, it is an unspoken rule that as a Vorarlberger, you only greet people you know well or who are not older than you with Zeawas, and greet everyone else with the more polite Grüaß Gott .

Another greeting - roughly corresponding to the greeting "Hello" - is the informal Hoi , which is used relatively often . This word will be heard especially in the Bregenzerwald , in Lustenau , in the Rhine delta (Hard, Höchst, Fußach, Gaißau), in Feldkirch and also in Götzis and especially in Swiss German . When saying goodbye, especially in Lustenau, one often hears the word Lebe, which is a shortened form of " goodbye ".

See also

literature

Dictionaries
  • Vorarlberg dictionary including the Principality of Liechtenstein , edited by Leo Jutz, 2 volumes, Vienna 1960, 1965.
  • Herbert Allgäuer: Vorarlberg dialect dictionary. 2 volumes Graz / Feldkirch 2008 (writings of the Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek 17) [also contains a characterization of the various Vorarlberg dialects].
  • Kleinwalsertal dialect dictionary. The vocabulary of a Vorarlberg Walser community, collected and edited by Tiburt Fritz, Werner Drechsel and Karl Keßler. Immenstadt [1995].
  • Albert Bohle: Doarobiorarisch asa uobara. Expressions and sayings from Dornbirn. In: Dornbirner Schriften 24, 1997, pp. 23–128.
Language atlases
  • Vorarlberger Sprachatlas including the Principality of Liechtenstein, West Tyrol and Allgäu (VALTS), ed. by Eugen Gabriel, arr. by Eugen Gabriel, Hubert Klausmann u. a. 5 map volumes with commentary volumes and 1 illustration volume. Bregenz 1985-2006. In addition: Eugen Gabriel: Introduction to the Vorarlberg Language Atlas. Bregenz 1985.
  • Hubert Klausmann: Small linguistic atlas of Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein. Innsbruck 2012.
Individual examinations
  • Leo Jutz : The dialect of South Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein. Heidelberg 1925.
  • Eugen Gabriel : The dialects on the old Churrätisch-Constantine diocese border in the Vorarlberg Rhine Valley. A linguistic and linguistic psychological study of the dialects of Dornbirn, Lustenau and Hohenems (with inflection theory). Marburg 1963 (German dialect geography 66).
  • Eugen Gabriel: Toarrebiierarisch. Grammar of the Dornbirn dialect. With 4 CDs. Dornbirn 2008.
  • Arno Ruoff, Eugen Gabriel: The dialects of Vorarlberg. A cross-section of the country's dialects. With a catalog of the sound archive of the dialects of Vorarlberg. Graz 1998 ff. (Publications of the Vorarlberg State Library 3); appears in numerous partial volumes.
  • Simone Maria Berchtold: Name book of the great Walsertal. Zurich dissertation Graz-Feldkirch 2008 (publications of the Vorarlberg State Library 10).

Web links

Wikipedia in Alemannic (including Vorarlbergisch)