Würzburg bishops' dispute

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The Würzburg bishops' dispute occurred from 1267 to 1303 between the Trimberg -sternberg party and the Hennebergers as a result of the Sedis vacancy after the death of Iring von Reinstein-Homburg .

The sedis vacancy from 1265 to 1267

After the death of the Würzburg bishop Iring von Reinstein-Homburg in 1265, the Würzburg bishop's chair remained vacant for 20 months. The reason for this were the differences between the " trimberg-Sternberg and the Hennebberg parties in the cathedral chapter ". As a result, the Lords of Hohenlohe and the citizens of Würzburg united with the Trimberg-Sternberg chapter majority against the Counts of Henneberg.

The battle of Kitzingen in 1266

On Cyriacus Day , August 8, 1266, Count Hermann I von Henneberg and his ally Count Heinrich II zu Castell am Mühlberg near Kitzingen experienced a defeat. Although the Würzburg team emerged victorious in this battle, this did not mean that the Sedis vacancy that had lasted for nine months was over. The trimberg-Sternberg party, within which there was now tension, had ultimately failed to initiate the immediate election of a bishop from among its ranks. On the other hand, despite their defeat, the Hennebergers did not give up, as had been shown in the bishopric elections, which finally took place a year after the battle of Kitzingen.

Originally, it was not sure how the two events - the battle of Kitzingen and the double election - could be linked in time. The realization that the double election could only have taken place after the Kitzinger battle and therefore cannot be considered the cause of the fighting is Füßlein's merit.

On August 8, the Chapter held an annual memorial service to commemorate those who died in the battle.

The consequences of the sedis vacancy

Due to the long vacancy of the Sedis, a chapter vicar or chapter vicar appeared for the first time in Würzburg , namely the cathedral curator and archdeacon Otto von Lobdeburg . The Metropolitan Archbishop Werner von Eppstein tried - unsuccessfully - to take over the legal and administrative sovereignty in the diocese .

The succession of bishops from 1267 to 1303

Poppo III. von Trimberg (1267–1271) and Berthold I. von Henneberg (1267–1274)

The battle of Kitzingen did not end the sedis vacancy. The election of bishops between June 26th and July 27th 1267 ended in a schism . On one side was Poppo III. von Trimberg , who was elected by the majority of the chapter under the leadership of cathedral dean Berthold von Sternberg, and on the other hand, canon Berthold I von Henneberg, who was appointed by the increased Thuringian-Hessian minority . This fact was also taken up in a papal letter from Clement IV, because there it says: “ Herbipolensi ecclesia destituta pastore due in ea electiones, una videlicet de Boppone preposito et alia de Bartoldo de Hennemberch canonico eiusdem ecclesie, fuerunt in discordia celebrate. "

Poppo III. von Trimberg and Berthold I. von Henneberg then went to the Metropolitan, Archbishop Werner. Before Berthold I was confirmed by the curia and ordained a priest and bishop, Poppo III. Have appealed. Forty years later, Berthold I. claimed that Poppos III's objection. was only done afterwards. During the turn of the year 1267/68 Poppo traveled to the Curia in Viterbo to see Pope Clement IV and was accompanied by three canons and initially also by the cathedral dean Berthold von Sternberg. Clemens IV then not only ordered an investigation into the double election, but he also warned the Würzburg citizens on March 19, 1268 to uphold the Würzburg church rights that had suffered from the schism. After the dean of the cathedral returned, the curia trial, at which Berthold I von Henneberg was not present, was finally ended. Pope Clement IV declared “ on May 24, 1268 the confirmation to be invalid and determined that the matter must be returned to the state in which it was before the appeal. “The verdict of May 24th overturned Berthold von Henneberg's confirmation and his government actions - he retained his election rights. In a second process, Poppo also obtained a papal mandate in which Berthold's title and oaths were canceled. Since Berthold ignored this, he fell under the church ban. In this second process, in which Poppo wanted Berthold to be rejected, Clemens IV died at the end of November 1268. The process was then interrupted by the three-year vacancy until the election of Pope Gregory X on September 1, 1271. Eventually Poppo III died. von Trimberg before completing the second trial. The exact date of his death is unknown - according to research it is between October 1268 and May 1271.

Berthold I had already adopted his new epithet on June 26, 1271 , because now he referred to himself for the first time as episcopus .

In the middle of 1271, the majority of the chapter agreed to recognize Berthold I von Henneberg. The number of certificates increased by the spring of the following year. In the meantime, however, the cathedral dean Berthold II von Sternberg challenged the election of Berthold I von Henneberg " because of (alleged?) Personal defects " and the Henneberger also sent a procurator to the curia. Berthold II von Sternberg now seemed excluded from the chapter and his supporter Simon von Schlitz was appointed . An alliance of October 9th between the cathedral chapter and the citizens assured the city of help against the abuses of the bishop by the cathedral chapter.

The bishop had probably already left Würzburg by this time. On January 1st, 1274, Berthold I. von Henneberg pledged the high estates castle Steckelberg near Ramholz to Reinhard I. von Hanau . In return, this should help him against the Würzburg citizenship. On September 22 of the same year, Pope Gregor X. revoked Berthold's election and ordination and claimed the commission from the Würzburg Church. It is not clear how Berthold von Henneberg reacted to the denial of his choice - nevertheless, on April 4, 1279, he described himself as " quondam Erbipolensis episcopus ". In addition, the city council banished three citizens who had made it possible for Berthold to exercise office and who had entered into a criminal alliance with him.

Berthold I von Henneberg was no longer present in the dispute over the Würzburg bishop's chair, although he later became canon of Mainz. In Mainz he also sought a process to rehabilitate himself at the curia. From 1307 he acted as auxiliary bishop of Mainz, where he can be documented in indulgences, altar and church consecrations. Berthold I von Henneberg is missing from almost all bishops' catalogs.

Berthold II of Sternberg (1274–1287)

Berthold II von Sternberg had Poppo III. von Trimberg accompanied him to the curia as dean of the cathedral as early as 1267/68 and was the leader of the anti-henberg party in the cathedral chapter. After the double election, he tried to establish a consensus between the citizens and the cathedral chapter. In 1272 he was expelled from the chapter because of his efforts to confirm Poppo's election as bishop to the curia. After Poppo's death and after the election of Berthold I von Henneberg had been canceled, Pope Gregory X appointed him bishop on October 23, 1274. The Sternberger received the consecration between November and January of the following year by the Archbishop of Mainz, Werner von Eppstein, in the presence of King Rudolf von Habsburg, who urged the diocese to obey. In 1286 the Würzburger Hoftag was announced, on the occasion of which King Rudolf a. a. demanded the end of the dispute between the Würzburgers and Berthold. The schism and the long sedis vacancy after the death of Iring von Reinstein-Homburg still took their toll. So Berthold tried to continue the territorial policy of Bishop Hermann von Lobdeburg - but due to the persistent financial and political problems this did not succeed. Due to the high level of debt, even the Würzburg Jews had to give Berthold money in 1280/81. But the conflict with the Hennebergers did not seem to be settled either: An extensive feud broke out with the Henneberg princes from 1279 at the latest. In the first half of 1280, Berthold Heinrich von Henneberg was able to achieve a victory with the help of the Bamberg bishop and the Fulda Benedictine abbot. An agreement between the Hennebergers with Bamberg and Fulda was reached in 1280 and 1282 respectively. The end of the feud with Würzburg was only achieved through a royal arbitration court in 1286.

The relationship between Berthold and the Würzburgers was tense. The clergy coveted when in 1279 the approval of the guilds had been enforced again after being repealed in 1275. The situation was exacerbated by conflicts over market taxes and civil goods that had come into church property. These differences could only be settled through royal mediation in 1286. Overall, it can be said that the Würzburg chapter suffered financial damage due to the discrepancies with Berthold and the city and tried to make up for it by taking possession of rich parishes.

As far as the spiritual field is concerned, Berthold II von Sternberg can be compared with his predecessors in office. In addition to the execution of altar and church consecrations, he took care of u. a. for the incorporation of monasteries and foundations with parishes. Under him an official office was set up for the first time in Würzburg. On November 13, 1287, Berthold von Sternberg probably died in Würzburg.

Manegold of Neuchâtel (1287–1303)

Already on December 2nd, 1287 Manegold of Neuchâtel was unanimously elected Bishop of Würzburg and confirmed by the Archbishop of Mainz. He received his consecration between March and May of the following year. In terms of imperial politics, the new bishop seemed to be rather inconspicuous. A dispute with the Trimbergers about the properties donated in 1279 seems to be worth mentioning here. However, this conflict could be settled by arbitration in 1292. The Neuchâtel was also able to prevent the citizens of Würzburg from demanding a council ruled by guilds. With royal help, the council remained in existence, as it had been episcopal before. After the Würzburg people tried to tax the clergy by force, Manegold imposed an interdict on the city in 1297 and 1299 . During his ministry he established new parishes and held diocesan synods.

Manegold von Neuenburg died on July 12, 1303 in Würzburg and received a very positive response as " vir litteratus, honestus, in spiritualibus et temporalibus circumspectus ".

literature

Edited sources

  • Ex Clementis IV registro. In: Epistolae saeculi XIII e regestis pontificum Romanorum selectae. Part 3, ed. v. Carl Rodenberg , Berlin 1894, 721.
  • Monumenta Boica , ed. v. of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 45, Munich 1964, 102.

Secondary literature

  • August Amrhein : Order of the members of the aristocratic Domstift zu Wirzburg, called St. Kilians Brothers, from its foundation to secularization. 742-1803; Festival for the 12th century jubilee of the Martyrdom of St. Kilian and his companions (archive of the Historical Association of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, vol. 32), Würzburg 1889, 141.
  • Engel, Wilhelm: Art. Berthold von Sternberg, in: New German Biography. Behaim - Bürkel, Vol. 2, Berlin 1955, 159.
  • Helmut Flachenecker : Art. Poppo von Trimberg, in: The bishops of the Holy Roman Empire. A biographical lexicon, Vol. 1, Berlin 2001, 890-891.
  • Helmut Flachenecker: Art. Berthold von Henneberg, in: The bishops of the Holy Roman Empire. A biographical lexicon, Vol. 1, Berlin 2001, 891.
  • Helmut Flachenecker: Art. Berthold von Sternberg, in: The Bishops of the Holy Roman Empire. A biographical lexicon, Vol. 1, Berlin 2001, 891–892.
  • Helmut Flachenecker: Art. Manegold of Neuchâtel, in: The bishops of the Holy Roman Empire. A biographical lexicon, Vol. 1, Berlin 2001, 893.
  • Füßlein, Wilhelm: Two decades of Würzburg monastery, town and state history. 1254-1277. The battle near Kitzingen. The double election after Bishop Iring's death. Bishop Berthold von Henneberg, Meiningen 1926.
  • Klaus Ganzer : Papacy and diocesan occupations in the time of Gregory IX. to Boniface VIII. A contribution to the history of papal reservations (research on ecclesiastical legal history and canon law), Cologne a. a. 1968, 267.
  • Schäfer, Dieter: History of Würzburg. From the beginning to the present, Munich 2003, 55.
  • Schöffel, Paul: An unknown source on the Würzburg diocese dispute, in: Journal for Bavarian State History 10 (1937), 124–132.
  • Alfred Wendehorst : The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz / Diocese of Würzburg. The Diocese of Würzburg Part 2. The series of bishops from 1254–1455 (Germania Sacra, NF 4), Berlin 1969, 13–35.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Wendehorst : The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz / Diocese of Würzburg. The Diocese of Würzburg Part 2. The series of bishops from 1254–1455 (Germania Sacra, NF 4), Berlin 1969, 13.
  2. ↑ a b Wendehorst (1969): Sedisvakanz, 13.
  3. ↑ Füßlein, Wilhelm: Two decades of Würzburg monastery, town and state history. 1254-1277. The battle near Kitzingen. The double election after Bishop Iring's death. Bishop Berthold von Henneberg, Meiningen 1926, 146.
  4. ↑ Schöffel, Paul: An unknown source on the Würzburg diocese dispute, in: Journal for Bavarian State History 10 (1937), 124.
  5. ↑ Amrhein, August: Order of the members of the aristocratic Domstift zu Wirzburg, called St. Kilians Brothers, from its foundation to secularization. 742-1803; Festival for the 12th century jubilee of the Martyrdom of St. Kilian and his companions (archive of the Historical Association of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, vol. 32), Würzburg 1889, 141.
  6. ^ Wendehorst (1969): Poppo III. from Trimberg, 14.
  7. ^ Flachenecker, Helmut: Art. Poppo von Trimberg, in: Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. A biographical lexicon, Vol. 1, Berlin 2001, 890-891.
  8. ↑ Schöffel (1937): 124.
  9. ↑ Ex Clementis IV registro. In: Epistolae saeculi XIII e regestis pontificum Romanorum selectae. Part 3, ed. v. Karl Rodenberg, Berlin 1894, 721.
  10. ↑ a b Wendehorst (1969): Poppo III. from Trimberg, 15.
  11. ↑ Ganzer, Klaus: Papacy and diocesan occupations in the time of Gregory IX. to Boniface VIII. A contribution to the history of papal reservations (research on ecclesiastical legal history and canon law), Cologne a. a. 1968, 267.
  12. ^ Wendehorst (1969): Poppo III. from Trimberg, 15-16.
  13. ↑ Monumenta Boica, ed. v. of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 45, Munich 1964, 102.
  14. ↑ a b Flachenecker (2001): Berthold von Henneberg, 891.
  15. ↑ a b Wendehorst (1969): Berthold I. von Henneberg, 17.
  16. ↑ a b Wendehorst (1969): Berthold I. von Henneberg, 17-18.
  17. ↑ a b Wendehorst (1969): Berthold I. von Henneberg, 18-19.
  18. ^ Flachenecker (2001): Berthold von Henneberg, 891.
  19. ↑ Wendehorst (1969): Berthold II. Von Sternberg, 20.
  20. ^ Engel, Wilhelm: Art. Berthold von Sternberg, in: New German Biography. Behaim - Bürkel, Vol. 2, Berlin 1955, 159.
  21. ↑ a b c d Flachenecker (2001): Berthold von Sternberg, 892.
  22. ^ Flachenecker (2001): Manegold von Neuenburg, 893.