Wall on the Thiessow peninsula

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Wall on the Thiessow peninsula
Sectional wall on the Thiessow peninsula: View south over the wall from the driveway, breakthrough, 2015

Sectional wall on the Thiessow peninsula: View south over the wall from the driveway, breakthrough, 2015

Alternative name (s): Burgberg and Wall, Burgberg, Schanze (on the Thiessow peninsula)
Creation time : Bronze age
Castle type : Lower section wall and castle hill on a headland
Conservation status: Wall remains
Place: Thiessow peninsula
Geographical location 54 ° 27 '1.9 "  N , 13 ° 31' 49.6"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 27 '1.9 "  N , 13 ° 31' 49.6"  E
Height: 40  m
Wall on the Thiessow peninsula (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
Wall on the Thiessow peninsula

The Wall on the peninsula Thiessow is a section of wall on the peninsula Thiessow on Ruegen . Its origin probably goes back to the Bronze Age .

Location and description

The Thiessow peninsula extends on the Schmalen Heide , a few hundred meters northwest of the former KdF seaside resort Rügen - Prora . The peninsula protrudes about 2.0 kilometers and 600 meters wide into the small Jasmunder Bodden . The name of the peninsula is derived from the Slavic name " Eibenort ". While the Schmale Heide was washed up and built up by sands due to the landing processes after the Ice Age , the Thiessow peninsula is an older, Ice Age island core. From north-north-west to south-south-east, the peninsula is crossed by an approximately 500-meter-long wall, which does not extend all the way to the coast. The wall has a height of about 8.0 meters and is about 15 meters wide at the base and about 2.0 meters wide at the apex. Both sides, but especially the east side, drop off steeply. With the enclosed area of ​​up to 40 hectares, it is Rügen's largest facility of its kind. A driveway (coordinates 54.449852N | 13.535178O) through the wall is about 120 meters away. It does not cut the wall at a right angle, but at an angle and is flanked on both sides by steep embankments.

To the north-west of the wall, on an elevation, there is another horseshoe-shaped castle wall (coordinates 54.450525N | 13.530457O). The open side of the wall faces west towards the 25-30 meter steep high bank. The natural elevations on the two legs are connected by a 5 - 6 meter high, arched embankment. The distance between the legs is 50 meters. The distance from the artificial earthfill to the high bank is 100 meters. On the northeast side of the embankment, where it meets the natural row of hills, there is a bastion-like protruding hump that covers the entrance to the castle wall.

history

On Hagenow's Special Charte, the southern waterfront of the peninsula is referred to as the "Old Land", which could possibly be related to the Ice Age island core. The castle wall, located in the northwest of the peninsula, is popularly called "the castle hill" or "the temple mountain". The name Temple Mount could give an indication of an earlier cultic or cult-related site. It would also be possible that the place and field names of the temple could have originated from “Timpel”, meaning hill. To the east of the main wall, about 700 meters away, there is another 350 meter long wall (coordinates 54.448305N | 13.546164O). It stretches from the northwest to the southeast, partly runs right next to the entrance to the main wall and extends to the southern edge of the water . It is unclear whether this rampart is connected to the rampart further to the west or whether it was of natural origin. Due to the size of the enclosed area, the area on Thiessow could be a refuge for large sections of the population. Stretched walls are still preserved on Rügen in the Mönchsgraben near Baabe and in the high moat near Puddemin . The Temple Mount could have acted as a retreat in connection with the great wall to the east. Haas assumes that the complex was built in Slavic times, whereas he also considers a pre-Slavic development of the Temple Mount to be possible. The wall to the east would therefore have been added later. Furthermore, according to Haas, such walls seem to have played a role in the Rügen succession dispute from 1326 to 1328. During superficial investigations in the east of the peninsula, Haas found numerous flint tools that he dated to the Stone Age. When examining the surface of the castle hill itself, he found no cultural remains. Schmidt refers the word Burgberg to the entire complex, but primarily to the wall on the Thiessow peninsula. It connects the complex with the village of Streu and the medieval county of Streye, which had a chapel next to a harbor.

Knapp suspects a Bronze Age rampart in the section wall on Thiessow. The existence of a Slavic fortification on the castle hill, as well as the Schifferberg on the eastern edge of the peninsula, cannot be proven with certainty. In Scandinavia there are a number of installations of similar size, called Fornborg, used during the Iron Age or the Migration Period, such as the Torsburg on Gotland with a size of 120 hectares. Some of these ramparts may date back to the Bronze Age .

and display information about the image
Burgberg and the wall on the Thiessow peninsula: Burgberg (I), Wall (II), Vorwall (III), Mes table sheet 1925 - 1: 25000

Popular tradition

According to a folk legend, there was a castle on the ramparts in ancient times. The damsels are said to have come down to the bank to wash their laundry. They are said to have done this with the large stone that is still lying in the water to the side of the castle wall in front of the Thiessower village. The stone is 4 meters long, 3.5 meters wide, 2 meters high and is called "the big stone". The legend of the virgin washing clothes occurs several times on Rügen. Similar legends tell of the maiden on the wash stone in front of the king's chair in the stump chamber, of the Witten Wiwern on Mönchgut who wash on the stone row in front of the Swantegard, and of the water maid on Zudar .

literature

  • Nils Petzholdt: Rügen's pre-Slavic castle complexes In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 1/2016, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 4–13. or Nils Petzholdt: Rügen's vorwendische Wehranlagen In: Stralsund booklets for history, culture and everyday life, Stralsund 2016, ISBN 978-3958720398 , pp. 97-107.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Alfred Hass : Contributions to the knowledge of the Rügen castle walls, in: Baltic Studies NF 14, Stettin 1910, pp. 75–76.
  2. ↑ a b c d Alfred Hass : A newly discovered castle wall on the island of Rügen. In: Pomeranian monthly sheets. 46th year No. 1, Stettin 1932, pp. 5-8.
  3. ↑ Friedrich von Hagenow : Special Charte der Insel Rügen based on the latest measurements using all available land maps, Berlin 1829.
  4. ↑ Ingrid Schmidt: Gods, Myths and Customs from the island of Rügen, Rostock 1997, p. 23.
  5. ^ Robert Holsten : Biblical field names in Pomerania, in: Baltic Studies NF 33.1, Stettin 1931, p. 118.
  6. ^ Theodor Pyl : History of the Cistertienserkloster Eldena. Greifswald 1880–1881, p. 336.
  7. ^ Friedrich von Hagenow : von Hagenow's map of Rügen, in: Neue Pommersche Provinzblätter, Volume 3, edited by Ludwig Giesebrecht and Johann Christian Ludwig Haken , Stettin 1828, p. 319.
  8. ^ Johann Gottfried Ludwig Kosegarten : Pomeranian and Rügische Geschistordenkmäler or old historical reports and documents relating to the history of Pomerania and Rügen 1, Greifswald 1834, p. 206 f.
  9. ↑ Ingrid Schmidt: Hühnengrab and Opferstein , Rostock 2001, p. 74.
  10. ↑ Hans Dieter Knapp: Rügen's story from its beginnings to the present in five parts, part 1: Rügen's early history, Putbus 2008, p. 120.