Walter Hoppe

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Walter Hoppe (born March 21, 1917 in Wallsee / Donau, Lower Austria ; † November 3, 1986 in Lochham ) was a German physicist.

Life

Walter Hoppe was born in Wallsee / Donau in Austria and did his doctorate at the Charles University in Prague with Professor Johann Böhm . From 1964 to 1985 he was director at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Martinsried .

reception

His most significant achievements were based on his experience with X-ray diffraction and electron microscopes , from which he derived new theories, including the invention of "ptychography". This led to experimental studies on the feasibility of high-resolution, three-dimensional representations of complex biological macromolecules , which at that time could not be assembled into crystalline arrangements, which are necessary for the structural determination with X-ray diffraction (e.g. ribosomes ).

Hoppe's idea of ​​combining many images of the same sample (a colored sample that contains the object of interest) with one another, whereby the images were taken from a wide range of different angles, followed by a mathematical reconstruction of the object using Fourier transforms or weighted, filtered back projections are the basis of many of today's techniques for 3D reconstruction, e.g. B. computed tomography . Many of Hoppe's early achievements and contributions have been overlooked by other scholars because they were mainly published in German-language magazines. In 1970 he did his doctorate at the Technical University of Munich, the later Nobel Prize winner Joachim Frank with his work Investigations of electron microscopic images of high resolution with image difference and reconstruction methods.

In the collections of the Deutsches Museum there is a device for Fourier analysis by Walter Hoppe and Kurt Pannke .

Honors and memberships

Hoppe had been a member of the Leopoldina Scholars' Academy since 1969 and a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences since 1986 .

Publications (selection)

  • Walter Hoppe: Towards three-dimensional “electron microscopy” at atomic resolution. In: Die Naturwissenschaften , Vol. 61 (1974), Issue 6, pp. 239-249, ISSN  0028-1042 .
  • Walter Hoppe, Hans J. Schramm, M. Sturm, Norbert Hunsmann and Johann Gaßmann: Three-dimensional electron microscopy of individual biological objects Part I: Methods. In: Journal of Nature Research A . 31, 1976, pp. 645-655 ( PDF , free full text). ISSN 0932-0784  
  • Walter Hoppe, Hans J. Schramm, M. Sturm, Norbert Hunsmann and Johann Gaßmann: Three-dimensional electron microscopy of individual biological objects Part II: Test calculations. In: Journal of Nature Research A . 31, 1976, pp. 1370-1375 ( PDF , free full text). ISSN 0932-0784 
  • Walter Hoppe, Hans J. Schramm, M. Sturm, Norbert Hunsmann and Johann Gaßmann: Three-dimensional electron microscopy of individual biological objects Part III: Experimental results on yeast fatty acid synthetase. In: Journal of Nature Research A . 31, 1976, pp. 1380-1390 ( online ). ISSN 0932-0784 
  • Walter Hoppe and Brigitte Grill: Prospects of three-dimensional high resolution electron microscopy of non-periodic structures. In: Ultramicroscopy , Vol. 2 (1976/77), pp. 153-168, ISSN  0304-3991 .
  • Michael Radermacher and Walter Hoppe: 3-D reconstruction from conically tilted projections. In: Jennifer M. Sturgess (Ed.): Electron Microscopy, Vol. 1 (Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Electron Microscopy). MSC, Toronto 1978, pp. 218-219, ISBN 0-920622-06-2 .
  • Walter Hoppe and Reiner Hegerl: Three-dimensional structure determination by electron microscopy. In: Peter W. Hawkes (Ed.): Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images (Topics in current physics; 13). Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 1980, pp. 127-186, ISBN 3-540-09622-1 .
  • Walter Hoppe: Electron Diffraction with the Transmission Electron Microscope as a Phase-Determining Diffractometer — From Spatial Frequency Filtering to the Three-Dimensional Structure Analysis of Ribosomes. In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English , Vol. 22 (1983), Issue 6, pp. 456-485, ISSN  0570-0833 .

literature

  • Robert Huber , Kenneth Holmes : Walter Hoppe March 21, 1917 - November 3, 1986 (obituary for Hoppe), in: Max Planck Society (ed.): Annual report 1986 and annual accounts 1985: Obituaries, series: Max Planck Society, reports and notifications 4/1987. Pages 78-81.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in the catalog of the German National Library: DNB 482124628
  2. ^ Bavarian Academy of Sciences: Walter Hoppe , members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
personal data
SURNAME Hoppe, Walter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 21, 1917
PLACE OF BIRTH Wallsee , Austria
DATE OF DEATH 3rd November 1986
Place of death Lochham