Wanderer (glassmaker)

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Wander or Wanderer is an old family of glassmakers and glass painters who produced several master glassmakers and who were honored by being awarded a hereditary imperial coat of arms .

The origin of the name Wander is not clearly proven. It is believed that it can be found in a medieval modification or Germanization of the Flemish or French word "vendeur" (trader). According to the current state of genealogical research, there are four indigenous and independent clans in different regions whose common origin could not be proven.

The oldest branch has its origins before 1500 in Crottendorf in the Saxon Ore Mountains , where the Gasthof zur Glashütte still exists today. Around 1529, the son of the glassworks owner Ambrosius Wander, Peter Wander, took over his father's glassworks. Then the Crottendorfer Hütte was transferred to Brosius Wander.

Peter Wander appealed about interest rate hikes. Since this was not granted, the family emigrated to Bohemia (probably between 1537 and 1550) and built a glassworks in the Jizera Mountains on the left bank of the Lusatian Neisse near Gablonz , from which the glass-making town of Grünwald an der Neisse developed. The Wander (er) family made a major contribution to the local glass industry.

In 1598 the family built a glassworks again in Friedrichswald , which Peter Wander bought three years later after Melchior von Redern's death . Peter's brother Georg was considered one of the most talented glass painters of his time in the Jizera Mountains. The family laid the foundation stone for Friedrichswald. In 1599, Elias, Georg, Georg and Ambrosius Wander received in Bohemia under Emperor Rudolf II the coat of arms or an inheritable coat of arms for outstanding achievements in glass production and glass painting. A member of the Bohemian family was knighted as kk councilor and road construction director in 1818. Josef Leopold Wander Ritter von Grünwald was honored as the founder of the modern road construction network in Bohemia.

A son of the Grünwald smelter Elias Wander, Elias Wanderer junior, left Bohemia in search of new fields of work and because of the constant disputes between Catholics and Protestants. In 1611 he found his new home in the Protestant Fichtel Mountains , in Bischofsgrün . From this point on, the surname of all descendants in the church registers can be found in local spelling, bent masculine to Wanderer .

Elias junior brought with him from Bohemia the more mature style of German-Bohemian glass painting and new techniques, especially in enamel glass painting, in which enamel colors combine with the glass surface during baking and make the painting particularly durable. Elias received in 1652 under Emperor Ferdinand III. with his sons Matthäus and Heinrich in Bischofsgrün in the Fichtelgebirge, the renewal of the coat of arms from 1599, which was lost in the Thirty Years War, also for outstanding achievements in glass production and painting.

A grandson of the green bishop Elias, Wolfgang Wanderer (1651 to 1725), went to Lauscha in Thuringia in 1671 . He worked there as a glass painter and praeceptor (private teacher) and married Margarete Müller. She was the daughter of the glass and smelter master Hans Müller from Lauscha. In 1682 he returned to Bischofsgrün with his family and built the Neue Hütte here. The family later returns to the Lauscha region, so in 1719 the glassmaker and glass painter Friedrich Wanderer (1693–1764) went from Bischofsgrün to Neuhaus am Rennweg . The hikers spread particularly in the Fichtelgebirge around the Ochsenkopf , z. B. in Bischofsgrün, Warmensteinach , Bayreuth and in other cities such. B. Hall . In Bayreuth, August and Adam Clemens Wanderer worked as excellent faience painters. Exhibits can be found in the Bayreuth Historical Museum .

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  • Knighthood diploma. A copy of the handwritten equestrian diploma dated November 26, 1818 is in the Austrian State Archives (General Administrative Archives )
  • Dr. Stefan Krause: The Wander family from Grünwald . In: Communications of the local history association of the districts of Böhm.-Aicha, Friedland, Gablonz, Kratzau, Reichenberg, Rochlitz and Tannwald , 1908, 2nd year No. 4, pp. 129–142.
  • AG Przedak: The Wander family, the co-founder of the North Bohemian glass industry . In: Announcements of the North Bohemian Excursion Club, quarterly magazine for exploring North Bohemia , 1910, 33rd year, issue 1, pages 11-23.
  • Karl R. Fischer: The wandering of Grünwald . In: Communications of the Association for Local Studies of the Jeschken-Isergau , 1929, 23rd year, No. 2, pages 65–83.
  • Dr. Herbert Kühnert: More recent research from the history of the glassworks in the Reich and the German border . In: Glass technical reports , 1938, 16 vol. 1938, H. 2-3, S. 61-66 u. 91-100.
  • Karl Zenkner: The old glassworks of the Jizera Mountains , 1968, Leutelt-Gesellschaft eV, Schwäbisch Gmünd, book 180 pages.
  • Tilde Ostertag: The Fichtelgebirgsglas . Issue 14/2006 of the series of publications of the Fichtelgebirgsverein eV, ISBN 3-926621-49-4 .

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ This work prints the text of both the coat of arms and the knighthood diploma.
  2. ↑ The article examines genealogical relationships and discusses heraldic questions on the printed and modified knight coat of arms
  3. ↑ Mayor of the city of Gablonz
  4. ↑ Fischer analyzes the work of the predecessor, citing many archive finds e.g. B. Land purchase documents from the early glassmaker's time
  5. ↑ Basic work on the origin of well-known glassmaker families in different places, contains b / w pictures in the appendix: Wappenschiben, illustration of Elias or Georg Wander and the coat of arms of the Wander von Grünwald as well as the documents - inheritance contract of 1602 in Friedrichswald