Bischofsgrün

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Bischofsgrün
Bischofsgrün
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Bischofsgrün highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 3 '  N , 11 ° 48'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : Bayreuth
Height : 676 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.39 km 2
Residents: 1815 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 216 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 95493
Area code : 09276
License plate : BT, EBS , ESB , KEM , MÜB , PEG
Community key : 09 4 72 121
LOCODE : DE 9BP
Community structure: 15 parts of the community
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Jägerstrasse 9
95493 Bischofsgrün
Website : bischofsgruen.de
Mayor : Michael Schreier ( SPD )
Location of the community of Bischofsgrün in the Bayreuth district
Landkreis Nürnberger Land Bayreuth Bayreuth Landkreis Hof Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Lichtenfels Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Prüll Warmensteinacher Forst-Nord Waidacher Forst Waidacher Forst Veldensteiner Forst Neubauer Forst-Nord Waischenfeld Bayreuth Heinersreuther Forst Glashüttener Forst Forst Neustädtlein am Forst Gemeindefreies Gebiet Fichtelberg Emtmannsberg Haag Seybothenreuth Creußen Warmensteinach Weidenberg Schnabelwaid Prebitz Plech Mistelgau Mistelbach (Oberfranken) Hummeltal Heinersreuth Goldkronach Glashütten (Oberfranken) Gesees Gefrees Eckersdorf Bischofsgrün Bischofsgrün Bindlach Betzenstein Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge Speichersdorf Kirchenpingarten Waischenfeld Plankenfels Pegnitz (Stadt) Mehlmeisel Hollfeld Fichtelberg (Oberfranken) Aufseß Ahorntal Bischofsgrüner Forst Pottenstein (Oberfranken)map
About this picture
Bischofsgrün from the Ochsenkopf
Market square with St. Matthew's Church
Bischofsgrün market square

Bischofsgrün is a municipality in the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth .

geography

Geographical location

Bischofsgrün is located between Ochsenkopf and Schneeberg in the high valley of the White Main in the Fichtelgebirge on federal highway 303 . The Karchesweiher lies in the southeast .

Neighboring communities

The only directly adjacent neighboring municipality is Gefrees .

Community structure

There are 15 officially named parts of the municipality (the type of place is given in brackets ):

history

Until the church is planted

Unfortunately, there is no evidence for the earliest dates in the history of Bischofsgrün. The town of Bischofesgrune is mentioned in a document from Bamberg's bishop Otto from 1242 , but in that year Bishop Heinrich I ruled Bamberg. A bishop Otto is not recorded for this time. A parish church is said to have existed on the site of today's church as early as 1204, which indicates a larger settlement, but there is only one reference to this from a Protestant pastor from the 19th century. According to old records, which are not historically documented, a glassworks is said to have been here around 900. The first reliable findings are from the year 1317, when the Counts of Hirschberg received the Rudolfstein together with the surrounding villages (including Bischofsgrün) as a fiefdom from Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian . In 1340 a "glassmaking" was first mentioned. The rule of the Lords of Hirschberg came to the Burgraves of Nuremberg in 1360, who later became the Margraves of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. The tin mining at Ochsenkopf is mentioned by Italian experts for 1421; reported from a glassworks for 1536. At that time the place had 39 houses. In 1616 members of the Greiner family of glassmakers bought the burned down glassworks and led it to a new bloom. In 1473 Bischofsgrün passed to the Margraves of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. In 1496 the existence of a first church is documented, the Catharinenkapelle, which was probably built in the 11th century. From 1500 on, Bischofsgrün was in the Franconian Empire . Due to its remote location, Bischofsgrün was spared the Hussite Wars 1419–1434, the Peasant Wars 1525 and the Religious Wars from 1552 to 1555.

In 1536 the Reformation was introduced in Bischofsgrün and the Catholic Aegidia Church was evangelical. From 1604 Bischofsgrün belonged to the Oberland of the Principality of Bayreuth . On May 16, 1612 a major fire devastated the place with the church and a new church was built. A second glassworks was built in 1682 and Bischofsgrün became known for its hollow glass production. In 1699 the damaged Aegidien Church was demolished and rebuilt as the St. Matthew Church by 1702. At that time, Bischofsgrün had between 400 and 500 inhabitants.

During the Seven Years' War , epidemics were brought in by soldiers, so that the upward development of the place was interrupted by numerous deaths. In 1791, Bischofsgrün was sold to Prussia by Margrave Christian Friedrich Karl Alexander as part of the Hohenzollern principality of Bayreuth, which had become Prussian in 1792 . In 1807 the area was sold to the French during the Napoleonic Wars in the Peace of Tilsit and in 1810 by Napoleon to the Kingdom of Bavaria. In the course of the administrative reforms, today's community of Bischofsgrün was created with the community edict of 1818 .

19th and 20th centuries

On September 18, 1887, almost the whole place was destroyed in a major fire, only four stone houses and the schoolhouse remained. The place was rebuilt and in 1892 the St. Matthew's Church, built in neo-Gothic style, was inaugurated.

In 1898 Bischofsgrün was connected to the Bavarian railway network and tourism began on the Ochsenkopf and in Bischofsgrün. Bischofsgrün has been a tourist destination since the beginning of the 20th century with numerous ski slopes and a ski school. The first ski club was founded in 1909 and a ski jump was built in 1957. In 1958 it was officially recognized as a climatic health resort. The number of overnight stays rose from 50,000 in 1952 to almost 250,000 in 1972. The peak of tourism was reached in 1991 with over 326,000 overnight stays. The community of Bischofsgrün has been the sponsor community of GSG 9 of the Federal Police since 1975 . The sponsorship is maintained through mutual visits and joint events. In 1976, Wülfersreuth was incorporated as part of the regional reform . The railway line to Bayreuth was closed in 1982. Bischofsgrün has been a climatic health resort since 1992 ; In 1995 it was named a “small center” in the Bavarian regional plan.

Religions

The Protestant parish of Bischofsgrün St. Matthäus belongs to the dean's office in Bad Berneck and has around 1500 members. The neo-Gothic St. Matthew's Church from 1892 serves as a place of worship. The parish also looks after the kindergarten in Bischofsgrün.

The Catholic Christians are looked after from the parish of Oberwarmensteinach; Masses take place in the Church of the Assumption of Mary in Bischofsgrün. Bischofsgrün belongs to the Kemnath-Wunsiedel deanery in the diocese of Regensburg.

The responsible parish for Old Catholics is in Weidenberg.

Incorporations

On January 1, 1976, the previously independent community of Wülfersreuth (until 1875 Wilfersreuth) was incorporated, which is 703  m above sea level. NHN is the highest village in Upper Franconia.

Population development

As in large parts of Eastern Upper Franconia, the population in Bischofsgrün is declining. The small number of young people is noticeable, so that the demographic problem will only increase in the future. In 2011, 386 citizens were registered as having a second residence in Bischofsgrün.

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 1995 to 1850 by 145 or 7.3%. A peak was reached on December 31, 1992 with 2268 inhabitants.

year 1970 1987 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Residents 2168 1985 2286 2137 2109 2057 1971 1885

politics

Municipal council

The local elections in 2002, 2008 and 2014 led to the following allocation of seats in the local council :

2002 2008 2014
CSU / non-partisan voter community from 2014: CSU 06th 04th 03
SPD 05 07th 06th
Free voter community Bischofsgrün 03 03 02
Non-partisan voter community Bischofsgrün 0 0 03
total 14th 14th 14th

mayor

Michael Schreier (SPD) has been mayor since May 2020. His predecessor was Stephan Unglaub (SPD) since November 2003. In 2014, he was re-elected with 95% of the votes without an opponent.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Bischofsgrün
 Blazon : “A black miner's hammer and a black glass blowpipe with golden glass crossed diagonally in silver; above a red deer hull. "

Culture and sights

Architectural monuments

  • Matthäuskirche Bischofsgrün

  • Matthäuskirche: interior

Soil monuments

Winter sports

The Ochsenkopfschanze, which was reopened on August 1st 2007 on the hill cliff above the village, has increased the sporting importance of Bischofsgrün. Every year the international women's elite attend a summer jumping competition of the FIS and the national teams of the special and combined jumpers of the German Ski Association (DSV) to prepare for the season. Alpine winter sports are also possible. In 2007, the north run of the Ochsenkopf (length 2.3 km) was equipped with a snow-making system, and two tow lifts are floodlit. A ski school offers courses for skiing and snowboarding. When the snow conditions are appropriate, cross-country trails are groomed around Bischofsgrün. Large numbers of winter hiking trails are available. Guided snowshoe hikes are offered regularly. Equipment for all winter sports can be rented in two shops. Ice skating and curling is possible on the ice rink at the north valley station of the Ochsenkopf under supervision and under floodlights.

Snowman Festival

Snowman Jakob in 2007

The Snowman Festival is traditionally celebrated every year on Rose Monday. Since the weather was too bad for skiing in 1985, the Bischofsgrüner ski instructor Horst Heidenreich and a couple of friends had the idea of ​​building a big snowman on the market square in front of the Evangelical Church in Bischofsgrün. The first snowman Jakob was about three meters high. In 2015, a new record was set with a height of 12.65 meters and a circumference of around 29.80 meters. Two years later it was smaller again, but at 10.24 m as high as the Ochsenkopf , the Bischofsgrüner local mountain, on a scale of 1: 100. To do this, it even had to be shortened by a few centimeters at the end.

Natural snow is used for construction. The Snowman Festival is celebrated with a pageant with brass music, gunmen , live music, open-air disco and a Jakob Snowman beer brewed for the occasion.

Economy and Infrastructure

Economy including agriculture and forestry

In 1998, according to official statistics, there were no employees at the place of work in the manufacturing sector and 54 in the trade and transport sector. In other economic sectors 427 people were employed at the place of work subject to social security contributions. There were a total of 677 employees at the place of residence subject to social security contributions. There were seven companies in the manufacturing sector and one company in the main construction sector. In addition, in 1999 there were 14 farms with an agricultural area of ​​215 hectares, of which 72 hectares were arable land and 143 hectares were permanent green space. The main line of business is year-round tourism. The largest employers are located in the tourism, spa, health and care sectors, namely the high altitude clinic of the German Pension Insurance and the Bischofsgrün care center, which is known throughout Germany due to innovative concepts in the field of elderly care .

education

There are the following institutions (status: 2013):

  • Kindergarten: 50 kindergarten places; In addition, small child care from one year
  • Primary school: Primary school 1st to 4th grade with lunch and afternoon care

Sons and daughters of the church

literature

Web links

Commons : Bischofsgrün  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Bischofsgrün  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Community organs . Bischofsgrün municipality, accessed on May 31, 2020 .
  3. ^ Municipality of Bischofsgrün in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on January 5, 2020.
  4. ↑ http://erzdioezese.kirche-bamberg.de/bistum-allgemein/bischoefe/lebens--und-regierungszeiten/index.html
  5. ↑ http: //evangelisch-bischofsgrün.de/kirche-und-altar
  6. ↑ https://gemeinde.bischofsgruen.de/Chronik.bischofsgruen8.0.html
  7. ↑ http: //evangelisch-bischofsgrün.de/kirche-und-altar
  8. ↑ http://www.gemeinde.bischofsgruen.de/Chronik.bischofsgruen8.0.html
  9. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dekanat-badberneck.de
  10. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 434 .
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 675 .
  12. ^ Entry on the coat of arms of Bischofsgrün  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  13. ^ Bayerischer Rundfunk: Fichtelgebirge: Bischofsgrün celebrates his record snowman . February 16, 2015 ( br.de [accessed January 9, 2020]).
  14. ↑ Big carnival party around the snowman "Jakob". February 27, 2017, accessed January 9, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Snowman Festival in Bischofsgrün. March 4, 2019, accessed January 9, 2020 .